Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dr. Sesenio B. Sereno, III Author-Workplace-Name: St. Vincent College of Cabuyao Title: Beyond Contingency: A Pedagogical Effectiveness Framework for Part-time Faculty Integration in Higher Education Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examines the integration of part-time faculty within higher education institutions across Metro Manila and the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines. Despite constituting a significant portion of the academic workforce, contingent faculty often operate within institutional frameworks that fail to optimize their pedagogical potential. Through a mixed-methods approach involving surveys (n=215) and semi-structured interviews (n=28) with part-time instructors across twelve higher education institutions, this research identifies key structural barriers to effective integration while proposing a comprehensive Pedagogical Effectiveness Framework that reconceptualizes contingent faculty engagement. The findings reveal substantial disparities in professional development opportunities, institutional support mechanisms, and pedagogical autonomy afforded to part-time faculty compared to their full-time counterparts. Analysis demonstrates that these disparities significantly impact teaching effectiveness, student outcomes, and faculty job satisfaction. The proposed framework addresses these challenges through a three-dimensional model encompassing institutional policy reform, pedagogical capacity building, and community of practice development. This research contributes to the scholarly discourse on higher education workforce dynamics by challenging traditional contingency models, particularly within the unique socioeconomic and educational context of Metro Manila. The Pedagogical Effectiveness Framework offers actionable strategies for educational leaders and policymakers to enhance instructional quality while creating more equitable academic environments. Recommendations include structural reforms to departmental integration practices, targeted professional development initiatives, and mechanisms. Keywords: Part-time faculty; contingent faculty; pedagogical effectiveness; higher education; Metro Manila; faculty development; academic labor; educational equity Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18572916 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/11 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/11/10 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Owen Harvey Balocon Author-Workplace-Name: Far Eastern University Author-Name: Manuelo, Jr. Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Tanauan City College Title: Information Technology Management Plan for a Technical Vocational Institution in the Province of Laguna Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This advanced management consulting study developed an information technology management plan for the records and accounting offices of International Electronics and Technical Institute, Inc. (IETI) Calamba, a long-established technical–vocational institution that has accumulated substantial student and financial records over three decades of operation. Despite this growth, the school continues to depend on manual, paper-based processes and a beta accounting system, leading to recurring issues in reporting and data retrieval, archiving, and timely generation of accurate reports and requested documents. The consultancy aimed to provide a structured plan that would guide the design and future implementation of an integrated Records and Accounting Management System to improve efficiency, data integrity, and decision-support capabilities. The study employed a management consulting approach combining interviews, focus group discussions, document review, and on-site observation to examine workflows in the registrar and accounting offices. Core analytical tools included a TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, Strengths) analysis to surface strategic issues, a Process–People–Technology (PPT) analysis to map operational realities and capacities, and a detailed Software Requirements Specification (SRS) grounded in ISO/IEC 9126 software quality characteristics. These were consolidated into a Project Implementation Plan (PIP) with an eight‑month Gantt chart covering system analysis, design, development, testing, and implementation stages. Findings showed that, while IETI Calamba faces weaknesses in organizational structure, facilities, manual transactions, and archival practices, it also benefits from experienced staff, IT‑oriented faculty, and existing computer-based operations that can support system adoption.  Keywords: information technology; management plan; technical vocational; techvoc; TOWS Analysis; PPT Framework; Software Requirement Specification Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18573904 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/12 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/12/11 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melvin Inson Author-Workplace-Name: University of Southeastern Philippines Tagum-Mabini Campus (Tagum Unit) Author-Name: Dr. Jocelyn Matildo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Southeastern Philippines Tagum-Mabini Campus (Tagum Unit) Title: IT’S OKAY TO BE NOT OKAY: LIVED EXPERIENCES OF MULTIGRADE SCHOOL TEACHER-IN-CHARGE IN LAAK NORTH DISTRICT Publication-Status: Published Abstract: A multigrade school teacher-in-charge serves dual roles as school head and classroom teacher in multigrade schools, leaving them with challenging tasks in overseeing the school and managing multigrade classrooms. The study aimed to explore the experiences of these teachers, understand their strategies in handling their dual roles, and design a capability training series based on the needs of multigrade teachers. A qualitative phenomenological research approach was employed with five multigrade school teacher-in-charge as participants, selected based on purposive sampling techniques. Research instruments included the interview schedule and interview guide which underwent validation and pilot-testing. Data was collected through iterative in-depth interview while focus group discussion with the same participants was done for data verification and reflexivity. Thematic analysis of data applied Colaizzi’s method. Notably, the study revealed major thematic findings: community partnership and cultural responsiveness, teacher competence, student-centered management, collaborative community leadership, efficiency in multitasking and problem-solving, adaptive leadership, challenges in multigrade teaching, importance of teacher collaboration and dedication, and empowerment of school leaders in multigrade education. Moreover, the study uncovered strategies employed by multigrade school teacher-in-charge, including data-informed leadership, monitoring techniques for managing schools, strategic planning, financial tactics for resource management, and research initiatives in multigrade education. The study recommends implementing a capability training series to address the complexities of managing multigrade schools. Adoption of the training series can effectively tackle the unique challenges faced by teachers in multigrade educational settings. Keywords: multi grade school teacher-in-charge; complexities; lived experiences; strategies; phenomenology; Colaizzi; thematic analysis; capability training series Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18530728 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/10 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/10/12 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kerr Zamora Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Division of Santa Rosa City, Laguna Title: Collaborative Peer Review as a Strategy in Teaching Essay Writing Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This action research aimed at comparing the writing performances of the students prior and after the use of the strategy “Collaborative Peer Review” or CPR in writing compositions. The study participants were enrolled in Reading and Writing Skills subject. The 293 Grade 11 respondents were further identified using cluster sampling for the quantitative data. For the qualitative data, a random sample from the respondents were selected. The main instrument used in the study were the students’ essays which were analyzed using a scoring rubric. This scoring rubric was based on the qualities of a well-written text from the Reading and Writing lesson. This was validated and checked by English language teachers. The same rubric was used for both the Pre-Test and Post-Test outputs of the respondents to ensure consistency of interpretation. From 83.85 of Satisfactory scores, the Collaborative Peer Review Strategy raised to 89.80 mean score which is interpreted as Very Satisfying Improvement.  Further investigation reveals that through the Collaborative Peer Review, the feedback given by peers are helpful; reflective and critical thinking skills were tapped through guided peer review; and rewriting is the essential component of the strategy. Based on the study, peer assessment is effective since it promotes critical thinking and reflective analysis among students. Also, the guidance of the teacher is necessary in the practice of this kind of peer assessment. Above all, students are positively influenced to enhance their writing if there are comments given to their written output. Keywords: Collaboration; Writing; Essay; Peer; Assessment; Review Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18606744 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/14 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/14/13 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Virgie Quinio-Sanchi Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Cordilleras Title: Shredded Paper as Soil Enhancer in the Growth of Mustard (Brassica Rapa Subsp. Oleifera) and Pechay (Brassica Rapa) Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The escalating global reliance on synthetic fertilizers has precipitated critical soil degradation, characterized by increased acidification and nutrient leaching that leads to environmental issues like aquatic eutrophication. This study addresses the urgent need for sustainable soil restoration by investigating the efficacy of composted shredded paper as a low-cost, cellulosic soil amendment to enhance the growth performance of Brassica rapa (Pechay) and Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (Mustard). Utilizing a randomized experimental design in a controlled greenhouse environment, the research evaluated three amendment concentrations (10:1, 10:2, and 10:3) against an unamended control. Systematic assessments were conducted over a 30-day duration to quantify changes in hydro-physical properties, chemical pH shifts, biomass accumulation, and potential nitrate toxicity. The findings reveal that shredded paper amendments significantly optimize soil physical architecture, most notably reducing water infiltration time from a baseline of 24.67 seconds to 3.33 seconds in the 10:3 treatment group. Chemically, the amendment served as an effective buffering agent, mitigating soil acidity by elevating pH levels from an acidic 5.5 to a more neutral 6.2. While germination rates remained consistent across all variables, Brassica rapa exhibited peak vegetative vigor at the 10:2 ratio, showing marked increases in shoot length and total biomass. Critically, nitrate levels remained well below the 2000 mg/kg toxicity threshold, confirming the safety of the produce for human consumption. These results demonstrate that upcycling paper waste not only improves soil hydraulic conductivity and fertility but also offers a scalable strategy for carbon sequestration and waste management in urban and school-based agricultural systems. Keywords: cellulosic organic matter; hydraulic conductivity; carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; circular bioeconomy; urban agriculture systems; vegetative biomass optimization; soil buffering capacity; waste-to-resource management Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18654553 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/15 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/15/14 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dr. Erist Capul Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Division of Santa Rosa City, Laguna Title: ClassPass System: Assessment of the Implementation of Classroom Pass System on Promoting Respect and Responsibility in Grade Nine Students Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The ClassPass System has become a successful classroom management tool for encouraging students to be accountable, respectful, and responsible. This intervention, which is being used in Grade Nine classrooms at Aplaya National High School, complies with DepEd Order No. 13, s. 2023, which highlights order and discipline as essential components in promoting learning recovery. This study assesses how well the ClassPass System works to reduce disturbances, maintain accountability, and improve student adherence to set classroom rules. According to the findings, students thought the system did a "Very Good" job of encouraging respect and accountability. High ratings were given to indicators like following the pass regulations, being on time to return to class, and having polite conversations. Nonetheless, there was potential for development in a few areas, such as maintaining politeness when speaking with teachers. The system's universal applicability was further demonstrated by statistical research, which revealed no discernible variation in its efficacy when pupils were classified by gender. The methodical approach of the ClassPass System promotes behavior self- regulation in pupils, cultivating values necessary for overall growth. It increases academic engagement and lessens disturbances in the classroom by establishing clear rules and punishments. Despite the system's notable success, research points to possible improvements that could increase its impact even further and provide a scalable model for wider school application. Keywords: Classroom pass; classroom management; respect; responsibility Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18670366 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/16 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/16/15 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felipe, Jr. Batoon Author-Workplace-Name: Bohol Island State University, Bilar - Campus Author-Name: Elmar Patiga Author-Workplace-Name: Samal Island City College Author-Name: Anabel Intong Author-Workplace-Name: Bohol Island State University, Bilar Campus Author-Name: Cindy Cortez Author-Workplace-Name: Biliran Province State University, Biliran Campus Author-Name: Rhelivyn Rosendal Author-Workplace-Name: Biliran Province State University, Biliran Campus Author-Name: Gemmarie Urgel Author-Workplace-Name: Visayas State University - Villaba Campus Title: Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus Domesticus) As Influenced By Varying Levels of Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) Meat Meal Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The increasing interest in alternative livestock feed has been driven by the rising cost of conventional feed and the growing emphasis on agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of substituting a portion of a broiler chicken's commercial diet with Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) flesh meal and to evaluate its potential impact on growth performance. A Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was employed, involving four treatments and four replications per treatment, each consisting of two chickens. The treatments were: T0 - 100% commercial mash diet (Control); T1 - 90% commercial mash diet + 10% Golden Apple Snail (GAS) meat meal; T2 - 80% commercial mash diet + 20% GAS meat meal; and T3 - 70% commercial mash diet + 30% GAS meat meal. The results revealed significant differences (p=0.05) in body weight improvement among the treatments that included the GAS meal, with the T2 group (80% commercial mash diet + 20% GAS meat meal) showing particularly significant growth performance (p=0.05). These findings suggest that supplementing 20% of the traditional diet with GAS meat meal can significantly enhance broiler chicken growth performance. Economically, the incorporation of GAS meat meal as a feed component not only provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional feed but also supports more sustainable poultry farming practices. This research contributes to the ongoing exploration of alternative feed sources by highlighting the potential of GAS meat meal as both an economical and sustainable option for poultry diets. Keywords: alternative; golden apple snail; kuhol; ground; performance; substitution Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 55-61 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18691511 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/18 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/18/16 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eusebio Jr. Bilar Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University–Argao Campus Title: Filipino K-12 High School Graduates to Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review of College Readiness Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The systematic literature review delves into the complex factors influencing college readiness among Filipino K-12 graduates, even after the K-12 program's rollout. Despite reforms aimed at bridging secondary and tertiary education, significant gaps remain in students' preparedness for higher education demands. This study scrutinizes both cognitive and non-cognitive dimensions. Cognitive factors include academic proficiency in core subjects like Mathematics, Science, and English, measured through standardized assessments. Non-cognitive elements encompass student motivation, effective learning strategies, and test anxiety, which often undermine performance under pressure. A key focus is evaluating the College Readiness Test (CRT) as a predictive tool. Findings reveal a multifaceted interplay: while cognitive skills form the foundation, non-cognitive factors like resilience and self-efficacy play equally vital roles. The CRT emerges as a reliable instrument, offering actionable insights into readiness levels, yet it alone cannot capture the full spectrum of student potential. To bridge these gaps, the review advocates targeted interventions. Curriculum enhancements should prioritize rigorous instruction in core subjects. Teacher professional development programs must equip educators with strategies to foster both academic and motivational skills. Optimizing CRT usage involves integrating it with holistic support systems. Further recommendations include nurturing non-cognitive skills through counseling and workshops, launching comprehensive transition programs from high school to college, sustaining research on evolving readiness metrics, and pushing for policy reforms like aligned standards and resource allocation. By holistically addressing these dimensions, stakeholders—policymakers, educators, and institutions—can elevate Filipino K-12 graduates' college readiness, boosting their long-term success in higher education and professional arenas. Keywords: College readiness; K-12 education; Filipino graduates; systematic literature review; cognitive factors; non-cognitive factors Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18721725 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/21 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/21/17 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carl Anthony Manatad Author-Workplace-Name: Bohol Island State University Bilar Campus Author-Name: Elmar Patiga Author-Workplace-Name: Samal Island City College Author-Name: Anabel Intong Author-Workplace-Name: Bohol Island State University Bilar Campus Author-Name: Cindy Cortez Author-Workplace-Name: Biliran Province State University - Biliran Campus Author-Name: Rhelivyn Rosendal Author-Workplace-Name: Biliran Province State University - Biliran Campus Author-Name: Gemmarie Urgel Author-Workplace-Name: Visayas State University - Villaba Campus Title: Influence of Trichanthera (Trichanthera gigantea) Meal on the Egg Production Performance of Philippine Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The rising cost of commercial feeds and the increasing emphasis on sustainable poultry production have stimulated interest in alternative feed resources for Philippine Mallard Ducks (Itik Pinas). This study evaluated the nutritional composition of Trichanthera gigantea foliage meal and its effects on the laying characteristics of Philippine Mallard Duck (PMD) layers. A total of 160 PMD were assigned to four dietary treatments following a Completely Randomized Design, with four replicates per treatment and ten ducks per replicate (2 drakes and 8 layers). The experimental diets were formulated as follows: T0 (100% commercial mash), T1 (90% commercial mash + 10% T. gigantea meal), T2 (80% commercial mash + 20% T. gigantea meal), and T3 (70% commercial mash + 30% T. gigantea meal). Prior to the feeding trial, the proximate composition, calcium, phosphorus, and metabolizable energy contents of T. gigantea meal were determined. Results revealed that increasing dietary inclusion of T. gigantea meal significantly influenced laying traits. Egg size was significantly enhanced (p < 0.03), while laying rate increased progressively with higher inclusion levels of T. gigantea meal, with the highest response observed in T3 (p < 0.0001). In contrast, changes in live body weight of PMD layers were not significantly affected by dietary treatments during the seven-week feeding period (p > 0.05), indicating that body weight maintenance was not compromised by partial replacement of commercial feed. These findings revealed that T. gigantea foliage meal is a nutritionally suitable and sustainable alternative feed ingredient for PMD layers. Inclusion levels of up to 30% can enhance laying traits and egg size without adverse effects on body weight, providing a cost-effective and environmentally sound feeding strategy for duck production systems in the Philippines. Keywords: Mallard duck; Meal; Itik pinas; Supplementation; Trichantera gigantea Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18729939 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/24 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/24/18 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Geronimo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education - Division of Santa Rosa City Title: Edpuzzle as Learning Intervention Material in Addressing the Least Learned Competencies in Earth and Life Science Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Addressing learners' least learned competencies requires strategic intervention that combines effective pedagogy and authentic assessments. Despite the growing availability of digital tools, video-based learning platforms such as Edpuzzle remain underutilized as an intervention strategy in science education. This quasi-experimental research explores the use of Edpuzzle as an innovative learning intervention material to address the least learned Earth and Life Science competencies, specifically in the topic of metamorphism, among Grade 11 students at Aplaya National High School. The study identified the learning gaps using item analysis of pre-test mean percentage scores (MPS). The intervention was conducted among 30 Grade 11 students divided randomly into two groups: one using the Edpuzzle video-based lesson and the traditional remediation. Pen-and-paper test and perception surveys were employed to measure both learning outcomes and student engagement. Results showed that the Edpuzzle group significantly performed better than the traditional group, with an MPS of 73.33 compared to 42.67. Students who utilized the Edpuzzle found the online platform to be engaging, effective, and suited to their needs, with a mean perception of 3.41 (Strongly Agree). Statistical tests showed a significant difference between the groups, which suggests that the higher average scores of the Edpuzzle group indicate its potential to boost engagement and mastery. The findings suggest that Edpuzzle can support differentiated instruction, which allows teachers to deliver self-paced, engaging lessons, particularly during intervention periods. Meanwhile, schools may consider integrating interactive video tools such as Edpuzzle into their institutional intervention frameworks. Keywords: Edpuzzle; least mastered competencies; remediation material; science lesson Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18738587 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/17 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/17/19 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ervin Malones Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty, Santa Barbara National Comprehensive High School Title: Conceptual Change Refutation Text: A Module Anchored on Senior High School Learners’ Alternative Conceptions in Energy Transformation Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Refutation texts hold potential as a powerful tool for combatting misinformation. By directly addressing alternative conceptions and providing scientifically sound explanation, they create a cognitive dissonance that encourages critical thinking and knowledge acquisition. This developmental research aimed to develop a refutation text instructional module in General Biology anchored on learners’ common alternative conceptions following the ADDIE model. Data were gathered from teachers, learners, and experts. The data gathering instruments were Photosynthesis and Cell respiration Two-tier Test, Educational Soundness General Evaluation Checklist, Focused Group Discussion (FGD) Protocol, and Evaluation Form for Printed Instructional Material. Findings revealed eighteen (18) alternative conceptions and were the bases for refutation texts integrated into the developed instructional module. The overall validation rating of the experts on the developed instructional module was Very Satisfactory. The learners’ feedback was summarized by the following themes: well executed lesson; disturbed by unfamiliar science terms; suitable experiments and activities; and integration of refutation text. While the teacher-observers believed that the demonstration classes were engaging and interactive, having suitable content and activities, learning objectives were aligned and achieved, and integrating refutation text in lesson planning. The overall evaluation rating of the teachers was Very Acceptable. Experts and teachers recommended the developed instructional module as a valuable tool to address common alternative conceptions about photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the classroom. Keywords: Conceptual Change; lternative Conceptions; Photosynthesis; Cellular Respiration Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18779264 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/26 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/26/20 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irish Narag Author-Workplace-Name: HGB College, Tumauini Author-Name: Jess Domigan Author-Workplace-Name: Metro Manila College Author-Name: Bryan Ambre Author-Workplace-Name: HGB College, Tumauini Author-Name: Royete Guillermo Author-Workplace-Name: HGB College, Tumauini Author-Name: Glydel Bacani Author-Workplace-Name: HGB College, Tumauini Author-Name: Marie Claire Anselmo Author-Workplace-Name: HGB College, Tumauini Title: Between Work and Wheels: Lived Experiences of Working Criminology Students Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Working university students are increasingly struggling to juggle their job and academic responsibilities, a challenge made more difficult by the commuting conditions in Metro Manila. This phenomenological research investigated the experiences and interpretations of commuting to school after work among criminology students, considering their academic duties and well-being. Employing a qualitative approach, eight (n = 8) working students pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Criminology at a private higher education institution were intentionally selected. Data collection involved semi-structured, in-depth interviews, and analysis was conducted using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Four interconnected themes were identified: constant time constraints that lead to rushing and sacrificing personal time; increased alertness and safety awareness due to traffic dangers and environmental threats, with prayer serving as a coping mechanism; criminology education providing discipline, situational awareness, and adaptive regulation; and accumulated physical fatigue that affects academic concentration and performance, necessitating compensatory measures. The study highlights that commuting serves as a crucial lived space where work, study, risk, and survival converge, emphasizing the importance of student-centered institutional policies and support systems for working criminology students. Keywords: • Working students; • Commuting experience; Criminology education; Urban mobility context Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18809578 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/20 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/20/21 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leonardo Pasquito Author-Workplace-Name: University of Makati Title: Average Happiness Index (AHI) as a Quality Indicator of Collaborative Practices and Activities (CPAs) Between Makati LGU and its Cooperatives: Towards A Stronger and More Inclusive Cooperative Governance Publication-Status: Published Abstract: According to the 2025 World Happiness Report, Philippines ranks as the 57th happiest country, with Finland as the happiest and Afghanistan as the least happy, while ranking 4th in Southeast Asia. While happiness index serves as essential metric for assessing a country's mental and emotional well-being, it can be used as a valuable quality indicator of collaborative Projects, Programs, and Activities (PPAs) between organizations and its local government. This research aimed to evaluate the extent and quality of collaborative practices of the LGU Makati as seen under the lens of affiliates of the Federation of Makati Cooperatives (FEMACO). The study employed surveys, key informant interviews, and group discussions between cooperative leaders and local government officials. A t-test was conducted to determine significant difference in happiness indices between respondents: the Board of Directors and LGU Officials. Findings revealed that FEMACO affiliates displayed varying happiness indices in relation to the extent of collaborative practices in terms of compliance to laws and circulars, recognition programs, technical support, capacity building, promotional activities, and partnership and linkages. The study shed light on the perceptions, inclusiveness, and collaborative values essential for promotion and growth of cooperatives as instruments of social justice, equity and economic development. Finally, the study highlights internal and external challenges experienced by affiliates on PPAs collaboration. Ultimately, the study recommends not only expanding collaboration with the LGU but also forging partnerships with Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and community groups to create inclusive and empowered cooperatives essential in realizing the SDG of 2030. Keywords: average happiness index; collaborative practices; cooperatives; federation; local government unit; makati cooperatives; cooperative governance Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18812396 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/32 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/32/22 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramil Cuya Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Leodegario Jalos Author-Workplace-Name: Marinduque State University Title: Teachers’ Ancillary Services Across School Sizes in The Fourth Congressional District of Quezon Province: Its Impact on the Learners’ Academic Performance Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the impact of teachers’ ancillary services on learners' academic performance across school sizes within the Fourth Congressional District of Quezon Province. It sought to determine the status of teachers’ ancillary services in terms of identified assignments, number of hours rendered, and years of service; the academic performance of learners under teachers with ancillary duties; the significant difference in the impact of ancillary services among schools of different sizes; and the possible policy intervention that may be proposed based on the findings. A descriptive–quantitative research design was employed, with a validated survey questionnaire administered to 537 teachers from 28 public elementary schools. The data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, weighted mean and standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings revealed that all teachers were assigned to at least one ancillary service, with many handling multiple roles, including ICT, SBM, LIS/EBEIS, and Health Coordination. The majority spent 2 to 3 hours daily on ancillary work, and more than half had served in these roles for over 3 years. Results also showed that small schools had the greatest impact from ancillary duties (WM = 3.40), followed by medium schools (WM = 2.76) and large schools (WM = 2.36). The computed ANOVA (F = 18.35, p < 0.05) indicated a significant difference in the impact levels among school sizes. Learners’ average grades were slightly lower in small schools with heavier ancillary workloads. The study concludes that ancillary services significantly affect academic performance, particularly in small schools, and that equitable workload policies are necessary to prioritize instruction. Keywords: learners' academic performance; teachers' ancillary services; number of hours; number of years Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18832068 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/34 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/34/23 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manuelo Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Tanauan City College Author-Name: Crystel Villamora Author-Workplace-Name: Tanauan City College Author-Name: Mary Grace Marasigan Author-Workplace-Name: Tanauan City College Title: Post Pandemic Visitor Engagement and Resource Utilization: A Comparative Analysis (2022-2024) of Tanauan City College Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between library client visitor and borrowing behavior over a three-year period (2022–2024) of Tanauan City College Library and aims to do the swot analysis to determine and design appropriate strategies to improve utilization, as the increasing trend of the library visitors’ traffic, and borrowing rates does not consistently follow the same trend.  Thus, this study opted to use a practical, data-driven approach to understand how Tanauan City College library clients engage with the library resources. By looking at monthly visitor’s and borrowing records from 2022 to 2024. The approach is non-experimental and retrospective, relying on existing records of Tanauan City College library to uncover patterns and relationships between variables. Results in one-way ANOVA test showed that differences in both visitor and borrowing counts across the three years were statistically significant: Visitor counts: F = 5.92, p = 0.006 and Borrowing counts: F = 4.38, p = 0.019. These results confirm that the changes weren’t just random fluctuations—something meaningful shifted in how people engaged in libraries over time. To sum it all, the data shows that high traffic doesn’t automatically mean high engagement. It is therefore recommended that the library needs to be intentional about turning visits into meaningful interactions. Keywords: post pandemic; visitors; utilization; comparative analysis; resources Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 Month: February DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18833235 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/19 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/19/25 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:2:id:19