Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darryl Imperial Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: James Odyssey Lim Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Gresshelle Balonga Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Riann Joy Villarte Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Lyka Fe Puno Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Ryan Lopez Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Miradel Cawayan Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Janeth Elllo Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Rhea Jane Francisquete Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Title: From Storm to Stillness: The Narrative Arc of Transformation Across Cup of Joe’s Silakbo Album Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study focuses on Silakbo by Cup of Joe as an album-length story where there is a different approach towards the concept of grief from linear to cyclical and transformative. Based on the Five Stages of Grief and the theories of narratology and psychoanalysis, the study analyzes the album's ten songs – “Bagyo”, “Wine”, “Kanelang Mata”, “Bubog”, “Siping”, “Pahina”, “Multo”, “Di Maari”, “Hinga” and “Silakbo” – as a whole text of narration. The study analyzes the album using qualitative content analysis and narrative analysis to identify common markers of grief, emotional patterns, narrative strategies, and structural shifts throughout the album. The results show that instead of the grief process going through the stages sequentially, Silakbo reimagines grief as a non-linear process in which the stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance can overlap, recur, and change in sequence. Focalization, repetition, and analepsis are the important narrative techniques that convert psychological fixation into the text and musical construction. The analysis also singles out Hinga as the point of changeability in the album, a shift from the melancholic attachment to the reflective agency of the persona. Loss is not treated as a finality; however, in the album, the focus is on reconfiguration, in which loss remains part of oneself but no longer dictates it. The study is also relevant to literary and music studies because it situates Original Pilipino Music as an important medium for narratological and psychological analysis. It also shows how an album can serve as a macro-narrative that conveys a complex emotional shift through sequence, repetition, and thematic continuity. Keywords: grief; narratology; psychoanalysis; Original Pilipino Music; Kubler-Ross; Silakbo; Cup of Joe; emotional transformation; cyclical grief narrative Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 713-723 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20558096 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/494 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/494/353 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:494 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaztine Catindoy Author-Workplace-Name: Southern Leyte State University Title: Development of Pinboard Using Eggshells and Ricebran Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The growing demand for sustainable waste management practices has prompted researchers to explore alternative uses for agricultural and food processing wastes. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an eco-friendly pinboard fabricated from eggshells and rice bran bonded with cornstarch adhesive. Specifically, the study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of the fabricated pinboards with different proportions of eggshells, rice bran, and adhesive. The study employed an experimental research design with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, yielding 9 treatment combinations with 4 replications each. Eggshells were cleaned, dried, pulverized, and mixed with rice bran and cornstarch adhesive according to the designated treatment ratios. The mixtures were molded and cured under sunlight before undergoing 1 physical and mechanical testing. Physical characteristics such as texture and hardness were evaluated using a modi ed hedonic rating scale. At the same time, the mechanical property, Modulus of Rupture (MOR), was tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results revealed that treatment 9, consisting of 25% eggshells, 75% rice bran, and 40% cornstarch adhesive, produced the most acceptable pinboard in terms of texture, hardness, and bending strength. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed a signi cant difference among treatments (p = 0.001), indicating that the treatment combinations signicantly influenced the mechanical properties of the fabricated pinboards. The findings demonstrate that eggshells and rice bran can serve as sustainable alternatives for producing affordable, environmentally friendly pinboards. Keywords: eggshells; rice bran; pinboard fabrication; recycled composite materials; solid waste utilization Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 724-732 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20559690 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/605 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/605/354 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:605 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reian Lao Author-Workplace-Name: West Visayas State University - Calinog Campus Author-Name: Marie Candy Celeste Author-Workplace-Name: West Visayas State University - Calinog Campus Title: Lived Experiences of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Agents from Non-Language Fields in Cross-Cultural Communication Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the cross-cultural communication experiences of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) agents who graduated from non-language academic fields such as nursing, engineering, business, information technology, and other programs not related to English. Specifically, it aimed to identify the challenges they encountered, the coping strategies they developed, and how they made sense of their early experiences in the BPO workplace. The findings of the study also served as the basis for the development of an English Training Guide for BPO Agents from Non-Language Fields designed to support communication skills and workplace adaptation. This study employed a qualitative research design using Thematic Narrative Analysis. The participants were eight BPO agents from Iloilo City selected through purposive sampling based on their non-language academic backgrounds and a minimum of six months of BPO work experience. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion, which allowed participants to share detailed accounts of their communication experiences, challenges, and adjustments in the BPO industry. The narratives were analyzed to identify common patterns across participants’ experiences. The findings revealed themes including communication barriers, cultural misunderstandings, emotional challenges, professional identity development, and adaptive coping strategies. Despite the difficulties encountered, participants demonstrated resilience and developed practical ways to improve communication skills and adjust to workplace demands. Based on these findings, the study proposed the development of an English Training Guide focused on communication skills, cultural awareness, customer interaction strategies, and emotional resilience. This output aims to provide practical support for new BPO agents from non-language backgrounds and to enhance training programs that can help them adapt more effectively to the communication demands of the BPO industry. Keywords: business process outsourcing (BPO); cross cultural communication; non-language graduates; lived experiences; cultural awareness; coping strategies; communication barriers Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 733-742 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20560031 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/606 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/606/355 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:606 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Numeriano Rivamonte Author-Workplace-Name: Romblon State University Author-Name: Rosebelle Mationg Author-Workplace-Name: Romblon State University Author-Name: Lorna Rivamonte Author-Workplace-Name: Philippine College of Health and Sciences Title: Attributions of traffic accidents in Santa Cruz Marinduque: Basis for traffic management innovations Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This mixed-method exploratory study investigated the attributions of traffic accidents in Santa Cruz, Marinduque, using a triangulation design that simultaneously collected and integrated quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative component involved structured survey questionnaires administered to 300 motorists and 30 traffic enforcers, while the qualitative component employed semi-structured interviews with 16 key informants—eight motorists and eight enforcers—selected through purposive sampling. Eight attribution domains were examined: cultural, geographical, contextual, social, economic, political, environmental, and behavioral. Results showed that behavioral factors received the highest weighted mean ratings from both motorists (WM=3.69, Very High) and enforcers (WM=3.74, Very High), underscoring that reckless driving, mobile phone use, impaired driving, and inattentiveness are the most critical and preventable causes of road accidents. Environmental factors ranked second (WM=3.51 and 3.50), driven by heavy rainfall, typhoons, poor road maintenance, and erosion. Contextual factors, particularly inadequate lighting and signage, also received very high agreement. The socio-demographic profile of accident-involved motorists was dominated by males aged 26–45 with non-professional licenses, and 9.3% were found to be driving without any license. Qualitative analysis yielded 24 themes distributed across eight domains, with behavioral themes—lack of discipline, impaired driving, and emotional instability—emerging most prominently. Based on integrated findings, seven evidence-based innovations are proposed: a Driver Values Formation Program, Community-Based Road Safety Watch, Digital Road Monitoring and E-Citation System, Real-Time Weather Alerts and Road Risk Mapping, Safety Subsidy Fund, Municipal Traffic Policy Review Task Force, and a Road Safety Education Integration Program. These multi-sectoral innovations are designed to reduce accidents through behavioral change, infrastructure improvement, governance reform, and community empowerment in Santa Cruz, Marinduque. Keywords: traffic accidents; road safety; traffic management; behavioral factors; Santa Cruz Marinduque; criminology; driver behavior; mixed-method research Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 1-14 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20280224 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/319 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/319/274 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Jenzer Gainsan Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Lloyd Vallespin Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Rean Rey Babor Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Marife Cabajon Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Charldy Wenceslao Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Title: An Assessment of the Perceived Implementation of the Stray Dog Control Ordinance in the Municipality of Sibulan Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the perceived implementation of the Stray Dog Control Ordinance and its relationship with stray dog–related road accidents and dog bite incidence in the Municipality of Sibulan, Negros Oriental. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed, with data collected from 120 residents using a researcher-made questionnaire and supported by secondary municipal records. The instrument measured four dimensions of perceived implementation: enforcement, impounding, registration and vaccination awareness, and public awareness. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results revealed that the overall level of perceived implementation was low across all dimensions, indicating weak and inconsistent enforcement and operational practices. Meanwhile, the frequency of stray dog–related road accidents and dog bite incidence was found to be frequent, reflecting ongoing public safety and health concerns. Correlation analysis showed that registration and vaccination awareness and public awareness had significant negative relationships with road accidents, while impounding and registration and vaccination awareness were significantly associated with dog bite incidence. However, enforcement showed no significant relationship with either outcome. These findings suggest that awareness-based and preventive strategies have a more immediate effect on reducing risks, whereas weak enforcement limits the effectiveness of the ordinance. The study recommends strengthening public awareness programs, improving vaccination and registration initiatives, and enhancing impounding operations to improve ordinance implementation and promote safer communities. Keywords: perceived implementation; stray dog control ordinance; road accidents; dog bite incidence; public awareness; impounding; vaccination and registration Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 15-27 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20280583 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/380 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/380/275 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:380 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Joy Rule Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Susan Olana Author-Workplace-Name: Valencia Colleges, (Bukidnon),Inc. Title: Experiences of Violence and Level of School-Based Support System Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the experiences of violence among Grade 5 and Grade 6 learners in selected public elementary schools in District II, San Fernando, Bukidnon, and their perceptions of school-based support systems. Specifically, it aimed to determine the prevalence and forms of violence, identify learners’ coping strategies, assess the effectiveness of school support mechanisms, and explore the relationship between experiences of violence and perceived support. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 250 learners through a structured questionnaire adapted from the UNGEI School-Related Violence Toolkit and validated scales on coping and support. Responses were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation. Findings indicated that learners experienced various forms of violence, with psychological and emotional forms, such as gossip, exclusion, and unfair treatment, being most frequent. Coping strategies included problem-focused approaches, such as reporting incidents, and emotion-focused strategies, including self-isolation and seeking peer support. Although school-based support systems were generally perceived as available, they were not significantly associated with reduced experiences of violence (r = .012, p = .886), highlighting the influence of peer behavior, cultural norms, and systemic factors beyond school control. The study recommends strengthening preventive measures through socio-emotional learning, teacher training, policy reinforcement, and active student engagement. Community involvement and inclusive school programs are also essential to enhance the effectiveness of support systems and foster safe, supportive, and empowering learning environments. Keywords: school related violence school-based support systems; inclusive education; psychological violence Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 28-38 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20293155 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/169 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/169/276 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:169 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nessel Ofima Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Susan Olana Author-Workplace-Name: Valencia Colleges Title: Social Media Use and Learners’ Social Education Awareness Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the relationship between social media use and learners’ social education awareness among Grade 10 students in Kitaotao, Bukidnon, Philippines, during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it assessed the level of social media use in terms of frequency, duration, and purpose, as well as the level of social education awareness in terms of civic responsibility, social ethics, and community participation. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed. The respondents consisted of 350 Grade 10 learners from Kitubo National High School, White Kulaman Integrated School, and South Dalurong Integrated School, selected through total enumeration sampling. Data were gathered using a validated survey questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.954, indicating very high reliability. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were utilized in the analysis. The findings revealed that learners demonstrated a moderate level of social media use in terms of frequency and duration, while use based on purpose was high. In addition, learners exhibited a high level of social education awareness across civic responsibility, social ethics, and community participation. Furthermore, results indicated a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between social media use and social education awareness. The study concludes that social media use is significantly associated with learners’ social education awareness. It is recommended that educators, parents, and school administrators promote responsible and purposeful engagement with social media to further enhance learners’ civic responsibility, ethical behavior, and active participation in the community. Keywords: social media use; social education awareness; civic responsibility; social ethics; community participation Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 39-51 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20293431 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/166 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/166/277 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:166 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jofel Payao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Riches Tortola Author-Workplace-Name: Bukidnon State University, Valencia Colleges Title: Level of Practice on Traditional Farming Methods in Ensuring Food Sustainability Among Parents Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study determined the level of practice of traditional farming methods in ensuring food sustainability among parents in Little Baguio, San Fernando, Bukidnon. Specifically, it examined the extent of traditional farming practices and assessed the level of food sustainability in terms of availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability. It also investigated the significant relationship between traditional farming methods and food sustainability, as well as differences in the level of practice when grouped according to selected profile variables. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed in the study. The respondents consisted of 150 parents engaged in farming, primarily beneficiaries of the government’s Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation were used to determine the levels of variables, Pearson Product–Moment Correlation was applied to test the relationship between variables, and t-test was utilized to determine significant differences. The findings revealed that the level of practice of traditional farming methods among parents was high. Similarly, the level of food sustainability was high in terms of availability, accessibility, and stability, and very high in terms of utilization. Moreover, results showed a significant relationship between traditional farming methods and food sustainability. However, no significant difference was found in the level of practice when respondents were grouped according to profile variables. The study concluded that traditional farming methods significantly contribute to achieving food sustainability among parents. It is recommended that these practices be sustained and further strengthened, while agricultural support programs should be enhanced to promote sustainable food production and improve household food security. Keywords: traditional farming; food availability; food accessibility; food utilization and food stability Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 52-63 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20293709 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/190 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/190/278 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:190 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Monnakate Payao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Riches Tortola Author-Workplace-Name: Bukidnon State University, Valencia Colleges Title: Level of Practice in Environmental Programs and Environmental Awareness Among Learners Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the level of environmental awareness among Grade 6 learners, focusing on the influence of grade level and exposure to environmental programs. Grounded in UNESCO’s Environmental Literacy Framework (2017), Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (1991), and Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1986), the research aimed to explore how knowledge, attitudes, and practices develop through formal instruction and experiential learning. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational design, the study surveyed Grade 6 learners from selected schools, employing a structured questionnaire to assess their participation in environmental programs and their awareness in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Data analysis revealed that learners consistently practiced environmental programs, with overall “Always” engagement in school activities, and demonstrated a “Very Aware” level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A significant positive relationship was found between learners’ participation in environmental programs and their environmental awareness indicating that active involvement in experiential activities enhances both understanding and responsible behavior. The findings highlight the importance of integrating structured environmental programs into the school curriculum and promoting hands-on experiences to reinforce learning. This study provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, parents, and policymakers to strengthen environmental education initiatives and foster responsible, environmentally conscious behavior among elementary pupils. Keywords: environmental programs; environmental awareness; knowledge; attitude; practices Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 64-71 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20294078 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/188 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/188/279 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanna Lou Balandra Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Riches Tortola Author-Workplace-Name: Bukidnon State University, Valencia Colleges Title: Extent Of School Feeding Program Implementation And Its Relationship To Learners’ Nutritional Status And Engagement Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study aimed to determine the extent of school-based feeding program (SBFP) implementation and its relationship to learners’ nutritional status and engagement in public elementary schools in Quezon IV District, Bukidnon. Specifically, it assessed key indicators of program implementation, including the adequacy of food served, frequency and consistency of feeding, quality and nutritional value of meals, and program management and stakeholder support. Learner outcomes were evaluated in terms of attendance, classroom participation, and academic performance. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, and a total enumeration sampling technique was used to include all school heads, teachers, and SBFP coordinators from nine public elementary schools. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, program monitoring reports, and school records, and analyzed using weighted mean, frequency, percentage, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Findings revealed that the SBFP in the district is generally well-implemented, with meals provided consistently and of moderate to high nutritional quality. Adequate stakeholder support and efficient program management were also observed. Learners demonstrated improved nutritional status, regular attendance, higher classroom participation, and positive academic engagement. Statistical analysis further indicated a significant positive relationship between the extent of SBFP implementation and learners’ nutritional status and engagement. The study concludes that the SBFP effectively enhances learner health and promotes active engagement in school activities. Recommendations include continued program monitoring, enhancement of meal quality, increased community involvement, and strategic capacity building for program implementers to sustain and maximize program outcomes. Keywords: school-based feeding program; nutritional status; learner engagement; program implementation; elementary education Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 72-85 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20301025 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/191 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/191/280 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louisse Alfonso Ramirez Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Juan Paolo Olmedilla Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Richard Kenneth Valeza Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Charissa Joana Francisco Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Aldrich Oliver Sytingco Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Title: Customer Perception of Calorie Information on Menu Labels in Selected Fast-Food Restaurants in Quezon City Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity, and diet‑related non‑communicable diseases has intensified public health concerns, particularly in urban settings where fast‑food consumption is highly accessible. As a policy response, calorie information on menu labels has been implemented to support informed food choices at the point of purchase. Anchored in Consumer Perception Theory, this study assessed customer perception of calorie information on menu labels in selected fast‑food restaurants in Quezon City, focusing on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses and their influence on food choice or purchasing decisions. A quantitative‑descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected from 100 purposively selected fast‑food customers using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution, percentage, and weighted mean, were used to analyze respondents’ demographic profiles, levels of perception, and the influence of calorie information on purchasing behavior. Findings revealed that respondents were predominantly young, single, female, and frequent fast‑food visitors. Overall, customer perception of calorie menu labeling was positive across all dimensions. The cognitive response indicated high awareness, understanding, and trust in calorie information, although its consistent application in food selection was sometimes limited by habits and preferences. The emotional response yielded the highest overall perception, demonstrating that calorie labels evoke health concern, motivation, and encouragement toward healthier choices. Behavioral response findings showed that calorie information influenced actual purchasing behavior, particularly in avoiding high‑calorie items and choosing lower‑calorie options. Moreover, calorie information was found to positively influence food choice and purchasing decisions, despite the moderating effect of habitual ordering patterns. The study concludes that calorie menu labeling is an effective informational and behavioral tool that enhances awareness, emotional engagement, and healthier purchasing decisions among fast‑food customers in Quezon City. Recommendations are proposed to improve the clarity, visibility, and utilization of calorie information in fast‑food menus. Keywords: calorie menu labeling; customer perception; fast‑food restaurants; cognitive response; emotional response; behavioral response; food choice; purchasing decision Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 86-94 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20301416 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/318 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/318/281 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diana Rose Mariano Author-Workplace-Name: Central Graduate School, Isabela State University – Echague Campus Author-Name: Robin Guillermo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Education, Isabela State University – Echague Campus Title: Sexist Language in the Written Discourse of Pre-Service English Teachers: A Content and Linguistic Analysis Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Language is a crucial tool that influences and shapes social attitudes and reinforces sex and gender ideologies, particularly in education settings, however sexism and gender inequality were still prevalent in academics and educational contexts. This study examined the prevalence and patterns of sexist language in the written discourse of pre-service English teachers (PSET). A mixed-method design was employed, involving 142 participants enrolled in an English teacher education program. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, and average, while qualitative data were examined through content and linguistic analysis guided by Gender Fair Language Theory (GFL) and Feminist Stylistics. Findings revealed that sexist language was mostly prevalent at the discourse level, clause/sentence level, and then word level, where female-dominant and heteronormative expressions and patterns were observed and evident. Results were analyzed according to sex, gender orientation, year level, and linguistic-related courses taken, which revealed that sexist language persisted regardless of one’s profile. The study emphasized the persistence of gender-biased language even among future English educators, reinforcing the need for strengthened gender-inclusive language instructional interventions and policies in (English) teacher education programs to promote GFL, egalitarianism, 5th SDG, linguistic equity, and social awareness. Keywords: sexism; GFL; content & linguistic analysis; pre-service English teachers; feminist stylistics; mixed methods Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 167-179 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20327379 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/235 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/235/282 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:235 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maludesa Machica-Pajarilla Author-Workplace-Name: Eastern Samar State University - Guiuan Campus Title: Entrepreneurship-Driven Economic Upliftment: Assessing Micro-Small Business Initiatives in Guiuan Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examines the role of micro- and small-scale enterprises (MSEs) in promoting entrepreneurship-driven economic upliftment in Guiuan, Eastern Samar. Anchored on Schumpeter’s Theory of Innovation, the Endogenous Growth Theory, the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, and the Social Capital Theory, the research explores how innovation, human capital, social networks, and institutional support contribute to local economic development. Guided by a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the study gathered data from 168 micro and small business owners through a structured survey and ten in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis to reveal patterns of experience, motivation, and challenge among entrepreneurs. Findings revealed that MSEs significantly contribute to household income stability, personal development, and community resilience. However, their capacity for employment generation and expansion remains limited due to persistent constraints such as inadequate access to capital, weak institutional linkages, and insufficient government support. Respondents expressed strong willingness to expand their enterprises but identified the need for training, mentorship, and networking opportunities. The integration of quantitative and qualitative results confirmed that entrepreneurship enhances livelihood security yet requires stronger systemic and policy backing to achieve sustainable growth. The study concludes that strengthening local entrepreneurial ecosystems through targeted support programs, financial inclusion, and capacity-building initiatives can enhance MSE sustainability and inclusivity. Policy implications emphasize aligning municipal development strategies with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 and 9, fostering decent work, innovation, and resilient industry.  Keywords: entrepreneurship; economic upliftment; MSME’s; business; local economic development; community livelihood; government support; micro-small business Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 95-100 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20327734 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/203 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/203/283 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junalen Laurete Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Susan Olana Author-Workplace-Name: Valencia Colleges, (Bukidnon), Inc. Title: Level of Participation and Experiences on Inclusion of Minority Group Learners Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the level of participation of minority group learners and their experiences of inclusion in selected public elementary schools in San Fernando, Bukidnon. Specifically, it aimed to determine the learners’ profile, assess their participation in classroom activities, co-curricular programs, school events, and leadership roles, and explore their academic, social, and cultural inclusion. It also investigated whether differences in participation and inclusion exist based on grade level, gender, and minority status, and explored the relationship between participation and experiences of inclusion. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed. The respondents were 151 minority learners from Grades 4 to 6, purposively selected from six public elementary schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from previous studies, scored on a 4-point Likert scale, and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean), inferential statistics (t-test, one-way ANOVA), and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that minority learners actively participated in classroom activities and moderately participated in co-curricular activities, school events, and leadership roles. Their experiences of academic, social, and cultural inclusion were generally high. No significant differences in participation or inclusion were observed based on grade level or gender, while differences in leadership participation were noted according to minority status. Significant positive relationships were found between classroom participation and all dimensions of inclusion, while co-curricular and leadership roles were significantly related to social and cultural inclusion. Participation in school events was significantly associated with overall inclusion. The results suggest that active engagement, especially in classroom interactions, contributes to meaningful inclusion for minority learners. The study underscores the importance of inclusive teaching strategies, culturally responsive programs, and equitable leadership opportunities to promote holistic development, social integration, and empowerment among minority learners. Keywords: minority learners; participation; inclusion; leadership; inclusive education Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20328068 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/168 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/168/284 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leire Velasco Gali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education (Nansiakan National High School) Author-Name: Alicia Sapao Author-Workplace-Name: Nueva Vizcaya State University Title: Managerial Skills of School Heads and It's Relationship to Teachers' Job Gratification: The Case of Secondary Schools Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the relationship between school heads’ managerial skills and teachers’ job gratification within public secondary schools in Eastern Kayapa District. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, empirical data were gathered from seventy-eight (78) teachers through standardized, validated research instruments. Two instruments were utilized: an adapted, 26-item Managerial Skills Questionnaire assessing five domains (technical, human, conceptual, communication, and supervisory skills) and an expert-validated, 40-item researcher-made Job Gratification Questionnaire measuring four key components (job security, work environment, job responsibilities, and community linkage) with an excellent Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0.966. Statistical analyses, including mean, and Pearson correlation coefficient (Pearson-r), were employed to determine the relationships among variables. Hypothesis was tested at a 0.05 significance level to ensure the validity of the findings. Results indicated that teachers rated their school head’s managerial skills as very high as evidenced by an overall grand mean of 3.70. The school heads notably excelled in human, conceptual, technical, and supervisory dimensions though area like communication required improvement. Teachers also demonstrated very high job gratification posting an overall grand mean of 3.61. Specifically, they expressed immense satisfaction particularly in job security, community linkages, and job responsibilities with room for growth in work environment. A significant and positive correlation was established between school head’s managerial skills and teachers’ job gratification, implying the essential function of effective management in improving teachers' job gratification and maintaining school effectiveness. Based on these findings, the study recommends the development of a structured educational administration intervention program to enhance long-term teacher performance through strengthening managerial skills and sustaining high levels of job gratification. Keywords: managerial skills; job gratification; educational administration intervention Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 112-119 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20356772 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/507 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/507/285 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:507 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jethro Bigay Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Cloyd Ambolode Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Kyle Espinas Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Marife Cabajon Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Chardly Wenceslao Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Title: Employer Assessment of Competencies and Satisfaction with Industrial Engineering Alumni of Foundation University Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study evaluated the competencies of Industrial Engineering alumni of Foundation University as perceived by employers and examined their relationship with employer satisfaction. It focused on key domains, including technical skills, soft skills, work readiness and professional competence, communication skills, data and digital competence, and professional attitude and behavior. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with data collected from employer-respondents across various industries using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation to determine both the level of competencies and their relationship with employer satisfaction. Results revealed that all competencies were rated at a very high level, indicating that graduates are well-prepared to meet workplace demands. Employer satisfaction was also rated very high, reflecting strong overall performance and alignment with current industry expectations. Significant positive relationships were identified between employer satisfaction and selected competencies, particularly communication skills, reliability, work ethics, data and digital competence, and technical skills. These competencies were found to strongly influence employer perceptions of graduate effectiveness in actual workplace settings. On the other hand, other competencies did not show significant relationships, suggesting that these are consistently demonstrated and regarded as baseline expectations that graduates are assumed to possess upon entry into the workforce. The findings confirm that the Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering (BSIE) program effectively develops competent and industry-ready graduates. However, continuous curriculum enhancement is recommended, particularly in strengthening high-impact competencies, expanding industry-based learning, and integrating emerging technologies, to sustain alignment with evolving workforce demands and maintain graduate competitiveness. Keywords: industrial engineering; employer satisfaction; graduate competencies; employability; data and digital competence; communication skills; reliability; work ethics Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 120-130 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20398742 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/401 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/401/286 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Myles Duran Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Brando A. Piñero Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Maria Chona Futalan Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Title: Knowledge and Challenges in Using Graphing Calculators:Insights from Pre-Calculus Teachers Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the level of Pre-Calculus teachers’ knowledge and the challenges they encountered in using graphing calculators as instructional tools. Using a descriptive correlational design, the study involved 30 Pre-Calculus teachers from selected public schools in the Schools Divisions of Negros Oriental, Dumaguete City, Tanjay City, and Bais City. A validated questionnaire was administered, and data were analyzed using the mean and Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation. The findings revealed that teachers demonstrate an excellent level of knowledge in teaching conic sections, a very good level in systems of nonlinear equations, and a good to very good level in the polar coordinate system. In terms of challenges, the teachers experience a high extent of technical difficulties, particularly due to limited access to graphing calculators, an insufficient number of devices, and a lack of technical training. Student-related, curriculum and instructional, and assessment and evaluation challenges were also evident at varying levels. The results further showed that teachers’ knowledge in using graphing calculators is inversely related to the challenges they encounter, specifically in teaching conic sections and systems of nonlinear equations. Higher levels of knowledge significantly reduce technical, student-related, instructional, and assessment-related difficulties. However, in teaching polar coordinate systems, knowledge does not significantly lessen most challenges and even shows a positive relationship with student-related difficulties. This result suggests that learners’ unfamiliarity with the technology remains a key barrier despite teacher expertise. Moreover, higher educational attainment is associated with lower levels of knowledge in using graphing calculators for conic sections, which indicates that practical experience and exposure may be more influential than academic qualifications. Keywords: graphing calculators; instructional challenges; mathematics education; Pre-Calculus Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 131-145 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20399264 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/328 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/328/287 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kristine-Rey Tumabao Author-Workplace-Name: Cagayan State University-Sanchez Mira Title: Curricular and Institutional Support as Determinants of Career Paths Among BSA Graduates: Basis for Curricular Enhancement Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This exploratory sequential qualitative study investigated the influence of curricular and institutional support on the career paths of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA) graduates from Cagayan State University Gonzaga Campus (cohorts 2018–2022). Grounded in Human Capital Theory, Social Cognitive Career Theory, and Curriculum Theory, the study analyzed the lived experiences of twelve (12) purposively selected alumni through thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's (2022) six-phase framework. Findings revealed a non-linear professional evolution marked by Strategic Patience in public service and a significant Entrepreneurial Pivot (33.3%) among graduates who established independent technical ventures. While the curriculum maintains high technical credibility in foundational sciences, a pronounced Digital-Analog Dissonance was identified between traditional academic production models and the demands of Industry 4.0. Faculty mentorship served as the primary psychological anchor, but findings exposed a structural "Last Mile Gap"—a vacuum of institutional support during the post-graduation to licensure transition. Professional attrition was driven primarily by economic friction rather than vocational disengagement. Based on these qualitative insights, the study culminated in the development of the AGRI-RECON (Agricultural Re-calibration and Operational Networking) Framework, a 6-Key Result Area (KRA) strategic blueprint proposing the institutionalization of an in-house review program, an Alumni Placement Office, and a Smart Farming Infusion module. The framework ensures alignment of academic training with the technological exigencies of the modern global agricultural workforce. Keywords: agricultural education; BSA graduates; career paths; curriculum enhancement; industry 4.0; institutional support; last mile gap; qualitative research Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 146-155 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20400004 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/574 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/574/288 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arvin Angelo Matias Author-Workplace-Name: Isabela State University, Santiago City National High School Title: Digital Technology Integration in Public Secondary Schools Towards Developing a Lead-ICT Framework Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the digital-age instructional leadership and its relationship with technology integration in public secondary schools. It assessed leadership practices in terms of visionary leadership, digital resource management, professional learning, technology-supported supervision, and ICT policy implementation. It also determined teachers’ level of technology integration using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition (SAMR) model, identified challenges encountered, and analyzed differences between digital natives and digital immigrants. Using a quantitative-descriptive and correlational design, data were collected from teacher-respondents through a validated survey questionnaire. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, regression analysis, and t-test were utilized. Findings revealed that school leaders demonstrated a high level of digital-age instructional leadership, while teachers exhibited a very high level of technology integration, particularly in pedagogical practices. However, integration was more evident at enhancement rather than transformative levels. Challenges were experienced at moderate to high levels, with student-related factors and resource limitations as the most significant. Significant differences were found between digital natives and digital immigrants in selected domains. Moreover, a significant relationship existed between digital-age instructional leadership and technology integration. The study concluded that strengthening student readiness and improving resource availability were essential to achieving transformative ICT integration. A Digital-Age Instructional Leadership for ICT Integration framework was proposed to enhance teaching practices and student learning outcomes. Keywords: digital-age instructional leadership; ICT integration; TPACK; SAMR model Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 156-166 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20400969 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/371 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/371/291 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allan Bone Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Susan Olana Author-Workplace-Name: Valencia Colleges Title: Level of Climate Change Awareness and Participation in the Environmental Program Among Learners Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study explored the relationship between learners’ participation in student-led environmental programs and their climate change awareness in public elementary schools of District I, San Fernando, Bukidnon. Guided by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) framework, the research examined how engagement in environmental organizations influences students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward climate change. The respondents were Grade 5 and 6 learners actively involved in organizations such as the Youth for Environment in Schools Organization (YES-O) and Youth Advocates for Climate Action Philippines (YACAP). Data were collected through a validated survey instrument and analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistical methods. Findings revealed that learners actively participated in environmental initiatives, particularly collaborative and hands-on activities, and demonstrated high levels of awareness regarding climate change, encompassing cognitive understanding, affective commitment, and practical pro-environmental behaviors. The study also found a positive relationship between participation in environmental programs and climate change awareness, highlighting the role of experiential and peer-led learning in fostering environmental stewardship. Based on these results, the study emphasizes the value of student-led programs in nurturing climate-conscious learners and recommends further integration of participatory environmental education in school curricula. Future researchers are encouraged to investigate long-term impacts of sustained engagement in such programs. Keywords: climate change awareness; student-led programs; environmental education; social learning; youth participation Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 180-192 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20401407 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/173 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/173/292 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:173 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melou Jean Liwan Author-Workplace-Name: Munguia National High School Title: Calculating Measures of Position with the Aid of Technology-Driven Problem-Based Learning in Mathematics Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study determined the effectiveness of Technology-Driven Problem-Based Learning (TDPBL) in enhancing Grade 10 learners’ competency in calculating measures of position in Mathematics. It focused on quartiles, deciles, and percentiles among learners at Munguia National High School, Dupax del Norte, Nueva Vizcaya. The study was conducted to address learners’ low performance in the Data and Probability, particularly in arranging data, locating positional values, applying correct procedures, and interpreting statistical results. TDPBL was used as an intervention because it combines real-life problem situations, guided inquiry, and teacher-made mobile-based video lessons that learners can review at their own pace.The study employed a one-group quasi-experimental design and pretest-posttest evaluations. Thirty-three Grade 10 learners were selected through cluster sampling and total enumeration after the reviewing the Rapid Mathematics Assessment results. A validated 30-item teacher-made test served as the pretest and posttest instrument. The instrument yielded a KR-20 reliability coefficient of 0.72, which indicated acceptable internal consistency. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test at the 0.05 level of significance.Results showed that the learners’ pretest mean score of 11.15 increased to 19.36 after exposure to TDPBL. Although the overall competency level remained under Did Not Meet Expectations, the increase showed clear improvement in learners’ performance. The difference between the pretest and posttest scores was statistically significant, with a computed t-value of -11.44 and a p-value below 0.05. The findings indicate that TDPBL significantly improved learners’ competency in calculating measures of position. However, continued guided practice remains necessary, especially in deciles, percentiles, procedural accuracy, and interpretation of results. Keywords: measures of position; technology-driven problem-based learning; quartiles; deciles; percentiles; mathematics competency Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 193-198 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20401891 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/478 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/478/293 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:478 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonalyn Castro-Ateñao Author-Workplace-Name: Anayo Elementary School Author-Name: Arnel Agustin Author-Workplace-Name: Nueva Vizcaya State University Title: Mathematics Proficiency of Grade 3 Pupils of Multi-Grade Schools of Aritao 2 District: Basis for Developing Contextualized Learning Resources Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study measured the mathematics proficiency of grade 3 pupils of multi-grade schools of Aritao 2 district: basis for developing contextualized learning resources, school year 2024-2025. It utilized quantitative research design. Descriptive method was also used together with developmental research method. This study was conducted at Aritao 2 Respondent schools included Anayo Elementary School with 4 males and 8 females with a total of 12; Yaway Elementary School with 7 males and 5 females with a total of 12; and Tabueng Elementary School with 5 males and 1 females with a total of 6.  The respondents had overall total of 30. The schools are offering multi-grades in the district. They cater combination classes in catering the learners’ needs in the municipality of Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya. The summative test which assessed the mathematical proficiency of the grade 3 multi-grade pupils is based on the first quarter's Most Essential Learning Competencies. The study found that respondents demonstrate a generally high level of mathematical skill, with the majority achieving "very satisfactory" performance along the eleven competencies. These least mastered competencies like estimating the sum of 3 to 4-digit add-ends using appropriate strategies; adding 3-4 digit numbers up to three add-ends with sums up to 10000 without and with regrouping; solving routine and non-routine problems involving addition of whole numbers with sum of 10000 including money using appropriate problem solving strategies and tools; subtracting 3 to 4 digit numbers without and with regrouping; and estimating the difference of two numbers with three to four digits were the basis of  developing contextualized learning resources tailored for Grade 3 pupils in multigrade schools address their specific learning needs. Keywords: contextualized learning resources; Mathematics proficiency; multi-grade class/school Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 199-205 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20438496 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/580 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/580/295 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:580 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kevin Carl Dela Cruz Author-Workplace-Name: Isabela State University Author-Name: Oliva Gaffud Author-Workplace-Name: Isabela State University Title: Sensory Acceptability of Broiler Chicken Meat Supplemented with Selected Indigenous Leaf Meals Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study systematically evaluated the physiological and organoleptic effects of incorporating selected indigenous leaf meals as dietary feed supplements on the post-harvest sensory quality of broiler chicken meat. Over the course of the production cycle, experimental broilers were subjected to varying inclusion levels of these localized botanical supplements to determine their viability as sustainable nutritional alternatives. To assess consumer perception, representative samples of the broiler meat were standardized, prepared, and subjected to a comprehensive consumer acceptability test utilizing a trained panel. The sensory attributes rigorously analyzed during the evaluation included general appearance, objective tenderness, tissue juiciness, flavor profile intensity, and aroma characteristics. The empirical results demonstrated that all experimental treatments successfully obtained favorable consumer acceptability ratings, falling strictly within the qualitative spectrum of “Like Moderately” to “Like Very Much.” Inferential statistical analysis revealed no significant differences ($p > 0.05$) among the diverse dietary treatments across all measured sensory parameters. This lack of statistical variance conclusively indicates that the integration of indigenous leaf meals into poultry formulations does not adversely affect or diminish the core eating qualities of the resulting meat. Interestingly, subtle variations were observed in the descriptive data; treatments featuring moderate inclusion levels yielded slightly higher mean scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and aroma compared to both the control groups and high-inclusion treatments. These findings clearly demonstrate the biological and commercial potential of indigenous leaf meals as highly sustainable, cost-effective, and ecologically viable feed supplements. Ultimately, this dietary strategy optimizes feed resources and reduces production overheads while securely maintaining the baseline sensory acceptability and consumer-driven quality standards of broiler chicken meat. Keywords: broiler chicken production; indigenous leaf meals; sensory quality evaluation; consumer acceptability test; alternative poultry feed; meat quality attributes; dietary supplementation; sustainable livestock farming Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 206-209 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20438668 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/510 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/510/296 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:510 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jobelle Sapaden Author-Workplace-Name: Isabela State University Author-Name: Oliva Gaffud Author-Workplace-Name: Isabela State University Title: Sensory Acceptability of Broiler Chicken Meat Supplemented with Hagonoy (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf Meal. Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This empirical study was designed and conducted to determine the post-harvest sensory acceptability and consumer perception of broiler chicken meat derived from livestock supplemented with varying dietary levels of Hagonoy (Chromolaena odorata) leaf meal. As the poultry industry continuously searches for sustainable, cost-effective, and locally available nutritional alternatives, understanding the impact of such botanical supplements on the final food product is critical. Specifically, this investigation evaluated the complex organoleptic and sensory qualities of standardized, oven-baked broiler breast meat. The qualitative and quantitative parameters under scrutiny by the evaluation panel included general appearance, aromatic profile, flavor intensity, tissue juiciness, physical tenderness, and overall consumer acceptability. The collected empirical data underwent rigorous statistical analysis, which ultimately revealed no significant differences ($p > 0.05$) among the various experimental dietary treatments for any of the evaluated sensory parameters. The baseline sensory attributes of the oven-baked breast meat samples were consistently and generally rated by the consumer panelists within the highly favorable qualitative spectrum of “Like Moderately” to “Like Very Much.” This range explicitly indicates a remarkably high level of market acceptability and consumer satisfaction across all treatment groups. While minor, subtle variations in the empirical mean scores were observed among the different dietary cohorts, these numeric fluctuations were not statistically significant. This crucial finding strongly suggests that the dietary inclusion of Chromolaena odorata leaf meal does not induce any adverse off-flavors, visual anomalies, or negative alterations in the eating quality of the broiler meat. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that the supplementation of Hagonoy leaf meal in commercial or smallholder broiler diets can be safely utilized by producers without compromising the core sensory qualities, palatability, or consumer acceptability of the poultry meat. Therefore, Hagonoy leaf meal represents a highly viable, sustainable, and potential alternative feed supplement for modern broiler production, effectively lowering input costs while successfully maintaining desirable, premium meat quality characteristics. Keywords: broiler chicken meat; hagonoy (chromolaena odorata); leaf meal supplementation; sensory acceptability; oven-baked breast meat; eating quality attributes; alternative feed supplements; meat quality characteristics Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 210-214 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20439118 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/517 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/517/297 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:517 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marlowe Revolteado Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Mylen Juban Villanueva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Rhodyza Mabida Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Nancy Macasero Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Celuna Retanal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Noemi Duzal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Henry John Canagoran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education – Cebu City Author-Name: Marilyn Miranda Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Title: Enhancing Constructive Classroom Instruction Strategies in Numeracy Skills: Its Effect on Academic Achievement Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This research assessed the adoption of constructive classroom instruction in relation to the academic achievement in Grade 6 Numeracy among the select Public Elementary Schools of Cebu Province Division, Region VII during the School Year 2025-2026.  A total of 120 respondents composing of 12 teachers and 108 Grade 6 learners from among the select Elementary Schools of Cebu Province Division. For the teachers’ profile strengthens the credibility of the findings and supports the development of contextualized learning tasks grounded in actual classroom conditions. For the learners also provide a basis for designing learning tasks that are responsive to the learners’ needs, capabilities, and home support systems. The findings provide a basis for identifying strengths and areas for improvement in instructional practices, guiding the development of contextualized learning tasks and enhancing overall academic achievement in numeracy. Academic achievements in numeracy 6 learners provide valuable insights for designing targeted interventions and contextualized learning tasks that address identified learning gaps and enhance overall student performance. The significant association between the learning strategies used to implement constructive classroom instruction and the academic achievements of Grade 6 learners in numeracy identifies which strategies are more strongly associated with specific numeracy competencies, thereby guiding educators in selecting and improving teaching approaches. Addressing these concerns is vital in enhancing the quality of numeracy instruction and improving learners’ academic achievement. There were issues and concerns identified in relation to this research. Accordingly, it is therefore recommended that appropriate Contextualized Learning Activities for all schools in the Division of Cebu Province be considered to elevate learners academic. Keywords: master of education; constructive classroom instruction in numeracy skills; its strategies and effect on academic achievement; quantitative research method; CTU main campus; Cebu City; Philippines Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 215-219 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20439412 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/524 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/524/298 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:524 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nimcy Ortiz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education - SDO Title: Implementation of Work Immersion and Challenges Encountered Among Public Senior High Schools in the City of Cabuyao Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the implementation of Work Immersion and the challenges encountered among public senior high schools in the City of Cabuyao. It evaluated program effectiveness in preparing learners for workforce integration by assessing curriculum implementation, delivery processes, assessment practices, supervision strategies, and administrative systems. Guided by DepEd Order No. 30, s. 2017, the study employed a mixed‑method research design combining quantitative data from the DepEd Work Immersion Monitoring Tool with qualitative insights gathered from semi‑structured interviews with SHS Heads and Work Immersion Coordinators. The integration of numerical ratings and thematic analysis provided a comprehensive perspective on the consistency of implementation and the contextual challenges affecting the program. Findings show that curriculum guidelines are properly followed (WM = 3.75, Evident), although instances of skill mismatch between student specializations and workplace tasks persist. The work immersion delivery process earned the highest rating (WM = 3.88, Evident), reflecting structured preparation, competency‑based activities, and regular feedback, though alignment with students’ career goals remains an issue. Assessment practices (WM = 3.78, Evident) are consistently applied but limited real‑time feedback hinders timely instructional adjustments. Supervision strategies (WM = 3.72, Evident) demonstrate monitoring and coordination among teachers and school heads, yet additional capacity‑building is required to enhance supervisory practices. Administrative concerns (WM = 3.54, Evident but with gaps) highlight challenges in MOA compliance, funding, logistics, and facility accessibility. Qualitative findings further reveal issues such as limited industry partnerships, transportation difficulties, regulatory compliance, employer concerns about liability and documentation, and student challenges related to workplace adaptability and communication. Based on these results, the study proposes an action plan that strengthens industry–school partnerships, enhances logistical systems, improves pre‑immersion readiness, streamlines compliance processes, and expands capacity‑building for supervisors to ensure meaningful, career‑aligned workplace exposure for Senior High School learners. Keywords: work immersion; senior high school; implementation challenges; employability; Cabuyao City Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 220-226 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20440743 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/581 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/581/299 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:581 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kimberly Umali Author-Workplace-Name: Looc Integrated School Title: Effectiveness of Scamper Based Module in Learning Literature Among Grade 11-ABM Students Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The goal of this quasi-experimental research was to establish a causal relationship between independent and dependent variables. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Scamper-Based Module, developed by the researcher, in enhancing the learning of literature among Grade 11-ABM students. The module served as an intervention to improve students' proficiency in English literature. The research instruments included the developed module, pretest, formative test, and posttest questionnaire. Mean scores were used as statistical tools to calculate the participants' learning literature performance in the pretest, formative test, and posttest. The paired T test was employed to compare the mean scores before and after exposure to the Scamper-Based Module. The findings indicated a rejection of the null hypothesis, which suggested no significant difference between the mean scores of formative tests in students' learning literature in the two groups during exposure to the Scamper-Based Module. The participants are composed of 15 students per group. Comparing the pretest and posttest mean scores of the two groups with different approaches revealed a significant increase in English literature proficiency among learners exposed to the module. The results demonstrated that students who received the intervention through the Scamper Based Module showed improvement in their learning literature compared to those who did not receive the intervention. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Scamper-Based Module is effective in enhancing the learning literature of Grade 11-ABM students. The teachers may consider enhancing the literature learning competency of senior high school students by exploring frameworks that will guide them in teaching literature. Keywords: learning literature; intervention; module; pretest; posttest Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 227-233 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20442787 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/495 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/495/300 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:495 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melbert Hungo Author-Workplace-Name: Southern Leyte State University - Tomas Oppus Title: Bibliometric Analysis in Scopus Data Base on Digital Leadership and School Performance Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study aims to analyze publication trends, identify leading contributors, and examine citation patters in digital leadership and school performance research through a quantitative bibliometric design applied to Scopus Indexed publications, using performance metric and science mapping with systematically retrieved, cleaned, and standardized data; findings reveal minimal output in the 1990s but a sharp surge in recent years, with dominance by certain journals , institutions, and countries (notably the United States) journal articles as the primary format, social sciences as the leading discipline , tightly clustered co-authorship networks and technology leadership" as the central theme alongside emerging innovation and e-leadership; these results conclude that policy must expand policy international and interdisciplinary research capacity, particularly in underrepresented regions , while curricula should imbed digital leadership competencies that balance ICT foundations with innovation, resilience, and collaborative practices, preparing future leaders to navigate , complex, digitally mediated educational environments; despite limitations such as reliance on a single data base, exclusion of non-English works, and lack of qualitative depth, the study underscores the importance of  broadening scholarly engagement  and integrating diverse disciplinary perspectives to strengthen evidence-based approaches to educational digital transformation.  Keywords: bibliometric; patterns; scopus data-based; trends Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 234-246 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20443379 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/442 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/442/301 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Joshua Lenoirz Dehesa Author-Workplace-Name: Kasiglahan Village Senior High School Title: A Gamified Strategic Intervention Material Competency-Based Instruction (SIM CBI) to Enhance the Academic Performance of Learners in Earth and Life Science Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Persistent low performance in Science among Filipino learners, as evidenced by international assessments such as PISA and TIMSS, highlights a critical gap in the development of scientific literacy, particularly in understanding complex concepts in Earth and Life Science. This issue is further heightened by limited use of engaging, differentiated, and competency-based instructional materials that address least mastered skills. To address this gap, this action research investigated the effectiveness of a Gamified Strategic Intervention Material using a Competency-Based Instruction (SIM CBI) approach in improving the academic performance of Grade 11 learners. Anchored in Differentiated Instruction, Game-Based Learning, and Constructivist Learning theories, the study utilized a mixed methods design in which meta-synthesis and meta-analysis intersection was analyzed to elicit its meta-inference relationship. A meta-analysis procedure (pre-test and post-test) identified least mastered competencies, followed by the implementation of gamified intervention materials tailored to these learning needs. Results showed a significant improvement in learners’ performance, with mean scores increasing from 4.286 to 8.571, supported by a statistically significant p-value (<0.001). Meta-synthesis (qualitative findings) revealed that learners found the material engaging, clear, and helpful in understanding concepts through visual aids and interactive elements. Overall, the study meta-inference demonstrates that gamified, competency-based intervention materials effectively address learning gaps and enhance academic performance, scientific literacy, and learner engagement in science. Different teaching and learning theories were supported in developing learners’ problem-solving confidence, and problem-solving capabilities. The Gamified Strategic Intervention Material is both statistically effective in improving scientific literacy and pedagogically sound in its design, as perceived by students. Its success is driven by clear explanations, supportive visual aids, and interactive elements. Keywords: gamified learning; strategic intervention material; competency-based instruction; scientific literacy Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 247-253 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20443934 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/241 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/241/302 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:241 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mary Ann Felipe Author-Workplace-Name: Occidental Mindoro State College Author-Name: Loida Lopez Author-Workplace-Name: Occidental Mindoro State College Title: Communication Styles and Conflict Resolution Skills Among Basic Education Laboratory Faculty at Occidental Mindoro State College Publication-Status: Published Abstract: With an emphasis on assertiveness and responsiveness, this study looked at the Basic Education faculty members' communication preferences and dispute resolution abilities.  Most of the faculty members are young, female, and have college degrees. They primarily teach junior high school. High assertiveness and very high responsiveness were found in the results, indicating good communication abilities that foster teamwork and constructive connections in both teaching and conflict settings.  Faculty members shown strengths in conflict resolution by seeing the positive potential of disagreements, fostering positive environments, and elucidating viewpoints. However, areas for development were indicated by moderate performance in maintaining mutual gains, implementing forward-thinking solutions, and cultivating constructive collaborations. According to correlational analysis, assertiveness is linked to productive communication, creating a positive environment, and defining needs, all of which greatly aid in successful conflict resolution.  Despite being crucial for inclusivity and empathy, responsiveness had less correlation with the results of conflict resolution. Sex-based differences were also seen, especially in establishing supportive environments and giving priority to requirements, highlighting the necessity of gender-sensitive professional development. PRO-CONNECT: (Professional Communication and Conflict Resolution Training) was proposed to fill in these deficiencies.  In order to improve assertiveness, responsiveness, teamwork, and long-term conflict resolution techniques, the program consists of workshops, seminars, discussion circles, gender-sensitive training, and reflective journaling. It is anticipated that by addressing gender-related and individual differences, the proposed enhancement will improve instructor abilities and foster a more peaceful learning environment. Keywords: communication styles; conflict resolution skills; assertiveness; responsiveness Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 254-261 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20444415 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/152 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/152/303 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Neiljon Mandal Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Rene Piñero Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Prince Gilbert Lastimoso Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Marife Cabajon Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Author-Name: Darry Mhei Morales Author-Workplace-Name: Visayas State University-Isabel Title: Comprehensive Evaluation of the Solar-Powered Street Lighting System Along the Sibulan–Dumaguete Diversion Road in Negros Oriental: Basis for System Enhancement Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study evaluated the performance and reliability of the solar-powered street lighting system along the Bajumpandan segment of the Sibulan–Dumaguete Diversion Road to establish a basis for system enhancement. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, field measurements were conducted across a 300-meter road segment using calibrated digital lux meters, supported by technical component inspections and an analysis of official accident records. The results revealed a critical lighting failure, with several measurement points recording zero to near-zero lux, indicating significant system underperformance and widespread darkness. Detailed component assessments further identified inefficiencies in solar charging, battery storage, and luminaire output as the primary drivers of unstable nighttime illumination. Statistical analysis using Spearman’s rho indicated a very weak positive relationship between illuminance levels and vehicle accident rates. Correlation analysis using Spearman’s rho yielded a p-value of 0.945; thus, the study failed to reject the null hypothesis, indicating no significant statistical relationship between illuminance levels and vehicle accidents within the Bajumpandan segment. However, the findings indicate that road safety is a multi-layered issue influenced by design quality, uniformity, and human factors. The study concludes that the existing infrastructure is technically inadequate and recommends a comprehensive upgrade to LED luminaires and improved photovoltaic systems, alongside optimized pole alignment and regular maintenance programs to ensure consistent roadway safety and operational reliability. Keywords: solar street lighting; illuminance level; lighting uniformity; pole alignment; road safety Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 262-275 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20455778 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/385 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/385/304 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:385 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Donald Celmar Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Title: Electric Vehicle Adoption: An Integrated Utaut and Tpb Framework Analysis Among Electric Vehicle Users in Southern Leyte, Philippines Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined electric vehicle (EV) adoption among current and potential EV users in Southern Leyte, Philippines, using an integrated theoretical framework combining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Specifically, it investigated how key behavioral constructs — including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit, facilitating conditions, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and multiple dimensions of perceived risk — influence EV adoption intentions. The study also explored the moderating effects of demographic factors, namely age, income, and educational attainment, on the relationship between perceived behavioral control and the intention to adopt electric vehicles. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 120 validated respondents who own, operate, or drive registered electric tricycles and e-bikes for public or private transportation in Southern Leyte District 2. Data were gathered through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via WarpPLS 8.0, with bootstrapping applied to validate the significance of relationships. Results revealed that the sample was predominantly male, working-age, middle-income, and married, with most operating a single electric vehicle. Among all constructs, habit recorded the highest perception rating, while facilitating conditions received the lowest, reflecting infrastructure gaps. Performance expectancy and social influence emerged as the primary drivers of adoption intention. Notably, the moderating effects of age, income, and educational attainment on perceived behavioral control were statistically non-significant. The study concludes that EV adoption in underserved rural communities is driven more by performance perceptions and social norms than by demographic factors. It recommends targeted infrastructure investments, community-centered enabling programs, and socially framed communication strategies to accelerate inclusive and equitable EV adoption in similar developing-region contexts. Keywords: electric vehicle adoption; UTAUT; TPB; behavioral intention; PLS-SEM; perceived risk Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 276-295 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20456742 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/427 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/427/305 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lynne Daniella Carylle Blanco Author-Workplace-Name: Lyceum of the Philippines University Title: Experiential Accounts of Victimization among Bajau Community in Southern Luzon Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study aimed to examine the experiences of victimization among the Bajau community in Southern Luzon in order to gain a deeper understanding of how structural marginalization affects their daily lives and well-being. Using a phenomenological-exploratory research design, the study gathered narratives from Bajau community members, elders, and leaders to capture their lived experiences. The thematic analysis revealed that the Bajau community continues to face difficult living conditions characterized by a subsistence-based lifestyle, unstable fishing income, food insecurity, and unsafe residential environments. These conditions increased their vulnerability to different forms of victimization, including conflict-induced displacement, economic losses caused by armed intimidation, ethnic discrimination, digital victimization, and exclusion from institutional services and social protection programs. The findings further showed that victimization produced multidimensional effects on the community, particularly in terms of psychological well-being, educational participation, economic stability, and preservation of cultural identity. Feelings of fear, insecurity, and social exclusion were commonly experienced, which affected both individual and communal development. Despite these challenges, the study highlighted the resilience of the Bajau people through strong family ties, collective support systems, and community-based coping mechanisms that enabled them to endure hardship and sustain their way of life. The study concludes that victimization among the Bajau community is not an isolated social issue but is deeply rooted in broader structural inequalities, legal invisibility, and continuing societal discrimination. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge and may serve as a basis for policymakers, criminal justice practitioners, and social development organizations in creating inclusive and culturally responsive programs for marginalized indigenous communities. Keywords: bajau community; indigenous discrimination; lifestyle theory of victimization Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 296-337 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20456902 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/472 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/472/306 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:472 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erwin Mercado Author-Workplace-Name: Bulacan State University Title: The Sustainability of the Charcoal-Making Tradition of the Aeta in the Municipality of Capas, Tarlac, Philippines Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Capas is a first-class municipality in the Province of Tarlac, Philippines. The town was a part of vast wilderness inhabited by the ethnolinguistic group known as Aetas that occupying the mountain ranges of Central Luzon. The ethnic group continue to practice the traditional cutting and burning of trees to produce “uling” (charcoal) called kaingin which the Philippine laws forbid and termed as illegal farming practices which causes soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, and landslide. Aware of its illegality, they do not have any alternative way of farming. The study will share one of the methods of the Aetas regarding clearing land by burning grass and trees known as kaingin as part of their cultural practices despite the fact that such act violates the environmental laws of the land. Mixed methods research was applied to achieved a comprehensive result. Results showed that kaingin is a part of Aeta culture and it is a source of their social and economic stability and therefore, cultural preservation. Thus, it proposes an alternative upland farming for environmental and economic sustainability. In addition, this research situates indigenous charcoal production within contemporary sustainability discourse, emphasizing governance, cultural rights, and adaptive livelihoods. Ethnographic evidence demonstrates that Aeta resource-use decisions are guided by customary norms, seasonal constraints, and collective stewardship. The findings indicate a persistent policy gap between statutory environmental regulation and indigenous practice, underscoring the need for participatory, context-specific interventions. The study therefore recommends integrative policy frameworks recognizing indigenous ecological knowledge, livelihood security, and co-management approaches as essential components of upland development planning in the Philippines context. Keywords: Aeta; Charcoal-making; Cultural preservation; Kaingin; Sustainability; Tradition Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 338-348 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20457832 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/367 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/367/307 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jezil Faith Fernandez Author-Workplace-Name: Tangub City Global College Title: Tunggalian at Hidwaan sa mga Epiko: Isang Kritikal na Pagsusuri Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Layunin ng pag-aaral na ito na suriin ang mga uring panlipunan, tunggalian, at inilalarawan din ang hidwaan sa mga epiko ng Pilipinas, pati na rin ang kahalagahan ng mga ito sa pag-unawa sa lipunan, kultura, at mga pagpapahalaga mula sa sinaunang panahon hanggang sa kasalukuyan. Gumamit ang pananaliksik ng kwalitatibong pagsusuri sa orihinal na mga teksto mula sa piling sampung epiko tulad ng Ibalon, Biag ni Lam-ang, Bantugan, Bidasari, Hudhud, Humadapnon, Indarapatra at Sulayman, Labaw Donggon, Maragtas, at Tuwaang upang matukoy ang uring panlipunan, anyo ng tunggalian, at pagsusuri sa mga hidwaan na makikita sa mga epiko. Natuklasan na ang lipunan sa mga epiko ay binubuo ng mga pinuno, mandirigma, karaniwang mamamayan, at mga kapangyarihang nilalang na may mahahalagang papel sa pagpapanatili ng kaayusan. Ipinakita ng mga tunggalian ang mga isyung panlipunan gaya ng hindi pagkakapantay-pantay, pang-aapi, at alitan sa pagitan ng mga uring panlipunan, kung saan ang pag-ahon ay nakakamit sa pamamagitan ng katapangan, pagkakaisa, at sakripisyo. Ang mga hidwaan ay naglalarawan ng mga laban sa pagitan ng mga tauhan laban sa panlabas at panloob na kaaway, na may malalim na motibasyon tulad ng paghihiganti at pagmamahal. Ang mga epiko ay nagsisilbing salamin ng estrukturang panlipunan at mga tunggalian na nananatiling makabuluhan sa kasalukuyan. Pinapakita nito ang kahalagahan ng matibay na pamumuno, pagkakaisa, pananampalataya, at kolektibong pagkilos sa pagharap sa mga hamon ng lipunan. Ang epiko ay hindi lamang pampanitikan kundi mahalagang sanggunian sa pag-unawa sa lipunan at kultura ng Pilipino. Mas nauunawaan kung paano nakaapekto ang kapangyarihan, yaman, at uri ng tao sa kilos at pamumuhay ng mga tauhan sa lipunan. Keywords: tunggalian; hidwaan; uring panlipunan; epiko; pagkakaisa Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 349-359 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20458260 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/369 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/369/308 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Remark Montalban Author-Workplace-Name: University of San Carlos Title: Toward a Provincial Energy Trilemma Index (PETI): A Systematic Review and Framework for Subnational Energy System Assessment Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The growing complexity of energy systems has increased the need for frameworks that can assess performance beyond traditional national indicators. While research on the Energy Trilemma is expanding, most studies focus on national and cross-country analyses and pay little attention to provincial and local energy systems. This study fills that gap by creating a Provincial Energy Trilemma Index (PETI) framework. This framework allows for a localized assessment of energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability.  Using the PRISMA systematic literature review approach, the study analyzed 67 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database related to Energy Trilemma assessments, sustainability transitions, composite energy indices, and decentralized energy systems. The review used thematic synthesis and indicator frequency analysis to identify common indicators and assessment methods relevant for provincial use. The findings highlighted the electrification rate, electricity affordability, renewable energy share, supply reliability, carbon emissions, and energy efficiency as the most common and applicable indicators for provinces.  The review also showed that existing Energy Trilemma studies are methodologically disjointed and not well-localized. In response, the study suggests PETI as a flexible framework that combines well-founded and measurable indicators across the three main dimensions of the Energy Trilemma. The framework offers a basis for provincial benchmarking, sustainability monitoring, and informed energy planning within decentralized and diverse energy systems. Keywords: Energy Trilemma; Provincial Energy Trilemma Index; PETI; energy security; energy equity; environmental sustainability; subnational energy systems; sustainability transition Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 360-375 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20458604 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/461 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/461/309 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:461 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darryl Imperial Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul Ⅱ College of Davao Author-Name: Rachel Lily Licmoan Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul Ⅱ College of Davao Author-Name: Alexis Ace C. Agravante Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul Ⅱ College of Davao Author-Name: Arvie Jane Conde Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul Ⅱ College of Davao Title: Framing the Collective Image of Maestra as a Martyr-Hero in the Selected Filipino Films Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study aims to explore the collective image of the maestra as a martyr-hero in three Filipino films: Balota (2024), Mila (2022), and My Teacher (2022). The study uses qualitative film analysis to understand scenes and dialogues in the film in the light of the issue of women teachers as victims of systemic violence and as ethical agents of care, resistance and social responsibility by applying theories of martyrdom and heroization in relation to Galtung's Violence Triangle. They show that the films create a multi-layered experience of violence towards maestras, from direct threats, verbal abuse to emotional manipulation, institutional neglect, cultural belittlement, and gendered objectification. Such violence is not seen in isolation but as interwoven parts of a larger system that undervalues teachers' work, denies their agency, and makes their suffering seem normal in a political, educational, familial and patriarchal space. However, in these circumstances the maestras are not simply depicted as victims. They become moral agents who uphold the truth, student protection, corruption resistance, emotional and academic assistance and engage in collective struggles for justice. Their acts of heroism are rooted in practices of integrity, care, sacrifice and advocacy. But, the study says, the martyr-hero image needs to be understood critically. The films celebrate maestras as strong and brave women, but they also reveal the risks of romanticizing the suffering of teachers. Finally, the study calls for respecting the dignity of teachers, enhancing institutional protection, enhancing working conditions, and breaking the culture of sacrifice which is natural or obligatory in teachers' profession. Keywords: cultural violence; heroism; maestras; martyr-hero; political martyrdom; structural violence; violence triangle Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 376-387 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20459155 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/476 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/476/310 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:476 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maver Dalapo Author-Workplace-Name: Bukidnon State University, Bukidnon National High School - Division of Malaybalay City Title: Exploring the L2 Motivational Self-system of the Senior High School Students in the Philippine Context Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study explored the L2 Motivational Self-System (L2MSS) among Senior High School students in the Philippine context, with a particular focus on academically high-achieving learners. While prior research has examined L2MSS in other Southeast Asian settings, limited attention has been given to the Philippines despite its ethnolinguistic diversity and strong emphasis on English as a lingua franca. Employing a mixed-method design, the study collected both quantitative and qualitative data through a 30-item survey questionnaire adapted from Dörnyei et al. (2006) and Taguchi et al. (2009). Twenty purposively selected high-achieving students participated, responding to items categorized under Ideal Self, Ought-to-Self, and Learning to Experience. Results revealed that the Ideal Self component emerged as the most dominant motivational factor, with students aspiring to achieve fluency in English for future career opportunities, global communication, and personal identity formation. Learning to Experience ranked second, underscoring the importance of engaging classroom environments, interactive activities, and teacher encouragement in sustaining motivation. Conversely, Ought-to-Self was least influential, reflecting weaker external pressures from family, peers, or societal expectations. These findings corroborate earlier studies in comparable contexts, confirming the centrality of Ideal Self in L2 motivation. The study highlights the need for educators to design instructional strategies that activate learners’ future self-images while simultaneously enhancing classroom experiences. Implications suggest that teacher training and curriculum development should integrate motivational approaches, such as goal-setting activities, role model exposure, and supportive classroom atmospheres, to sustain learners’ engagement and success in English language acquisition. Keywords: L2 motivational self-system (L2MSS); ideal self; ought-to-self; learning to experience; english language learning; senior high school students; Philippine context; language motivation second language acquisition (SLA); mixed-method research; purposive sampling; high-achieving learners; future self-image Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 388-392 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20461429 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/487 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/487/311 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yvonne Rhea Bolcio Author-Workplace-Name: Benguet State University Title: Fashion Sustainability Awareness and Perception in the Philippines: A Review Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In the Philippines, the fashion industry serves as a pivotal reflection of cultural identity while simultaneously grappling with significant environmental challenges. The rapid production of fast fashion has exacerbated textile waste, further intensified by the nation’s surprisingly high clothing expenditure. This presents a critical irony: despite a notable rise in consumer awareness regarding sustainability issues, unsustainable consumption practices remain widespread, particularly among younger demographics, who represent a substantial segment of the consumer market. This study aims to analyze the awareness and perceptions of Filipino consumers toward sustainable fashion, while also investigating the multifaceted factors that influence their purchasing behaviors. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this investigation encompasses a literature review focused on consumer behavior viewed through the lens of environmental consciousness. The findings reveal that, although awareness of sustainability is a prerequisite for nurturing eco-friendly purchasing behaviors, it does not automatically result in sustainable consumption. Several influential factors significantly shape consumer decision-making processes, including pricing, product accessibility, and the level of trust in sustainability claims made by brands. Moreover, insights from focus group discussions indicate that emotional connections to clothing, cultural significance, and social peer influences play a crucial role in consumer choices, demonstrating the complexity of their purchasing motivations. While viable solutions to mitigate sustainability challenges exist, such as initiatives promoting the benefits of sustainable practices—such as second-hand fashion, upcycling, and the advocacy for indigenous textiles they encounter market limitations and structural barriers that hinder broader acceptance and integration into consumer habits. The implications of these findings underscore the urgent need for strategic initiatives that bridge the gap between awareness and actionable behavior. Keywords: sustainable fashion; consumer behavior; textile waste; environmental consciousness; the Philippines fashion industry; qualitative research; the attitude-behavior gap; indigenous textiles; slow fashion movements; market barriers Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 393-402 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20474675 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/438 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/438/312 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:438 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christian Carlo Ibias Author-Workplace-Name: University of Perpetual Help System Laguna Title: Teacher's Personality, Academic Stress, And Student Motivation Among Students In Tertiary Education In New Sinai School And Colleges Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Tertiary education is not just about obtaining a diploma; it is a journey that develops individuals into competent, well-rounded professionals that are capable of succeeding in real-world situations with confidence. Nevertheless, this path is not without its challenges. Using a descriptive- correlational research design, this study aims to identify students' preferred teacher personality, measure academic stress levels, and assess motivation. Also, determine the relationships among the variables among the tertiary students at New Sinai School and Colleges. The findings revealed that the respondents strongly preferred teachers with lenient personalities. The respondents also experienced a very high level of academic stress. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents demonstrated very high intrinsic motivation toward academic tasks. Based on these findings, an action plan was proposed to foster a supportive academic environment that promotes positive teacher personality traits, minimizes academic stress, and improves student motivation among tertiary students at New Sinai School and Colleges. The study concluded that students tend to prefer teachers who are patient and compassionate because these traits help them feel at ease and more actively involved in class discussions and activities. Students also experienced very high levels of stress whenever they were unable to achieve their personal standards. Moreover, students were strongly driven by personal achievement, emphasizing the importance of self-fulfillment in maintaining academic engagement. Findings further revealed that students who had a greater preference for their teachers’ personalities were more likely to experience lower academic stress. Likewise, a stronger preference for teacher personality was linked to higher levels of student motivation. Therefore, the proposed action plan should be carried out to reinforce positive teacher personality traits, lessen academic stress, and improve student motivation. Keywords: Teacher's personality; Academic stress; Student motivation; Tertiary education; Tertiary students Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 403-413 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20474810 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/515 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/515/313 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Johnvher Dollente Author-Workplace-Name: Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Author-Name: Fernando III Pendon Author-Workplace-Name: Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Title: Student Satisfaction on Enrollment Services towards a Proposed Manual of Operation Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined student satisfaction with enrollment services at XYZ College as a basis for developing an enhanced enrollment procedure. Grounded in the SERVQUAL Model, Expectation Confirmation Theory, and the American Customer Satisfaction Index framework, the research focused on five dimensions of service quality: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. A descriptive-correlational quantitative research design with impact analysis was employed. Data were collected from 382 college students during the Academic Year 2025–2026 using a validated self-constructed questionnaire. Statistical tools included weighted mean, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and multiple linear regression. Findings revealed that students generally had high expectations, perceptions, and satisfaction levels across all service quality dimensions. However, significant gaps were identified between expectations and actual experiences, indicating areas needing improvement. Results further showed a significant positive relationship between students’ perceptions of enrollment services and their overall satisfaction. Among the dimensions, responsiveness, reliability, and assurance emerged as strong predictors of satisfaction, while tangibility and empathy showed varying levels of influence. Moreover, the combined effect of service quality dimensions significantly influenced student satisfaction. The study concludes that improving enrollment services requires a holistic, student-centered approach that integrates efficiency, accuracy, responsiveness, and effective communication. Based on the findings, a proposed operations manual was developed to enhance enrollment procedures by addressing identified gaps and aligning services with student expectations. The results contribute to the improvement of institutional practices and provide a framework for strengthening student satisfaction, retention, and overall service quality in higher education. Keywords: student Expectation; Perception; and Satisfaction; Enrollment Services; SERVQUAL Model; Enrollment Procedure; Higher Education; Institutional Improvement Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 414-421 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20475520 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/448 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/448/314 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:448 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sunshine Logmao Author-Workplace-Name: University of Perpetual Help System Author-Name: Marivic Tañedo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Perpetual Help System Title: Status of Effectiveness of Digital Platforms for Information Dissemination in Enhancing Strategic Communication Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study assessed the effectiveness of digital platforms in enhancing information dissemination within the municipality of Boac, Marinduque, to provide a basis for a Strategic Communication Plan. This study utilized a descriptive-correlational research design, the study surveyed 245 barangay officials, including captains, secretaries, treasurers, councilors, and SK chairmen – selected through stratified random sampling. The data was collected through a validated four-point Likert scale questionnaire with high internal consistency reliability, featuring Cronbach’s Alpha indices ranging from 0.80 to 0.93.  The findings revealed that the municipality relies exclusively on social media, specifically Messenger Groups with 50.6% and Facebook Pages with 49.4%, which were rated as Highly Effective with a weighted mean 3.58 across the domains of accessibility, audience reach, and public announcement. However, the respondents identified significant obstacles, particularly in countering fake news and managing limited budgets, which were rated as Highly Challenging with weighted mean of 3.36, most notably the difficulty in verifying information and countering fake news with a weighted mean of 3.42, alongside insufficient budgets for ICT equipment with weighted mean 3.41.  Meanwhile, statistical validation through the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) confirmed a significant agreement among respondents (p < .05), rejecting the null hypothesis. Moreover, the study concludes that while digital platforms are successfully adopted in the municipality of Boac as their primary communication innovation, its efficiency is hampered by technical infrastructure and informational integrity threats. The developed Strategic Communication Plan prioritizes digital literacy workshops, infrastructure upgrades, and verification protocols like a Fact-Check Task Force.   Therefore, these interventions aim to transition the municipality from basic notification to dynamic community engagement, ensuring a resilient digital governance framework tailored to the rural island context. Keywords: digital platforms; information dissemination; strategic communication Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 422-432 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20479288 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/462 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/462/315 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:462 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikka Joy Parrone Author-Workplace-Name: School of Teacher Education, University of Nueva Caceres Title: Development of Google Classroom as a Learning Management System for Mathematics 4 Instruction Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Instructional gaps in mathematics and frequent classroom interruptions disrupt learning continuity and hinder conceptual understanding among elementary learners. In Grade 4 Mathematics at Ratay Elementary School during the first quarter of SY 2024–2025, the MATATAG Curriculum implementation relied on official lesson exemplars that, upon analysis, revealed minimal conceptual explanations, limited real-life applications, procedural imbalance, and no technology integration. This study aimed to analyze Grade 4 Mathematics lesson exemplars for content, structure, and assessment, and to design and develop a learning management system (LMS) using Google Classroom aligned with MATATAG competencies. A descriptive–developmental research design guided by the Analysis–Design–Development (ADD) model was employed. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on eight official Grade 4 Quarter 1 lesson exemplars to identify instructional gaps that informed system design. The development phase resulted in a prototype of Google Classroom LMS (Version 1) featuring structured lesson slides, discussion tools, adaptive learning tasks, and progress-monitoring features. Expert evaluation was conducted involving five Master Teachers who assessed the system using a three-point appropriateness scale. Results showed that key features—including the Lesson Slide Archive, MathTalk Live/Replay, Assignment Section, Adaptive Learning Tasks, and Progress Point—received high sustainability ratings (2.6–2.8). Other features—Videos, MathTalk Assistance, TaskFolio, and FlashQuiz—received moderate ratings (2.0–2.2), indicating areas for improvement. Based on these findings, Version 2 of the LMS integrated interactive self-check activities, a formula vault, MathLab applications, enhanced visual supports, and improved progress tracking. The study highlights the potential of technology-integrated instructional platforms to address curricular gaps and support sustained mathematics learning under the MATATAG framework. Keywords: google classroom; learning management system; mathematics 4 instruction; instructional design; MATATAG curriculum Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 433-449 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20493866 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/379 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/379/320 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Razel Mascariñas Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Author-Name: Rhino Rienz Casas Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Author-Name: Lord Kile Baterzal Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Author-Name: Vivian Verzosa Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Author-Name: Irelie Candole Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Technological University Title: Assessing the Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) And AI Motivational Value Beliefs on Students’ Mathematics Performance Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping educational landscapes, yet its influence on student motivation and actual academic performance in developing country contexts remains less explored. This descriptive-correlational study assessed the relationship between Grade ten (10) students' attitudes and motivational value beliefs toward AI and their mathematics performance in a public secondary school in Loon, Bohol, Philippines, during the first quarter of School Year 2025–2026. Using a validated questionnaire, along with students' first-quarter mathematics grades, data from 81 respondents were analyzed via descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Results showed that students held positive cognitive and affective attitudes toward AI but exhibited negative behavioral attitudes, alongside uniformly high motivational value beliefs across all dimensions (expectancy, attainment, utility, intrinsic, and cost) with a grand mean of 2.77. Mathematics performance averaged 81.74 (Satisfactory level). While general AI attitudes did not significantly correlate with mathematics performance (rho = -0.160, p > 0.05), a significant weak negative correlation emerged between AI motivational value beliefs and mathematics achievement (rho = -0.278, p < 0.05), suggesting a possible trade-off in student focus where higher AI motivation is associated with slightly lower math performance. The study concludes that despite high AI motivation, students do not translate this into behavioral engagement or improved math performance, revealing a notable attitude-behavior gap. It is strongly recommended that the proposed AI and Mathematics Enrichment Plan be implemented to bridge this gap through integrated, hands-on learning experiences that connect AI motivation with tangible behavioral engagement and mathematics achievement. Keywords: teaching mathematics; descriptive-correlational design; AI attitudes; AI motivation; mathematics performance; Bohol; Philippines Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 450-465 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20494194 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/394 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/394/321 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:394 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lorna Mingo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Perpetual Help System-Laguna Title: Teaching Practices and Challenges Encountered by Out-of-Field Teachers of Junior High School in the City Division of Biñan Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study focused on determining the teaching practices and challenges faced by out-of-field teachers in public junior high schools. Few studies discussed out-of-field in junior high school, and the differences in the demographic profile (age, years of teaching non-major subjects, baccalaureate degree, and field of specialization of the teachers) and their relation to the teaching practices and challenges encountered were not much explored. The researcher employed a descriptive-correlational type of research in determining the association of the level of teaching practices (instructional strategies, student engagement, and classroom management) and challenges encountered (lesson planning, learning materials, and achievement of competencies) by the non-major teachers with their demographic profile. Using an adopted questionnaire from the standardized survey form of Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale developed by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk-Hoy (2001), the level of teaching practices and challenges encountered was determined and has been correlated with the demographic profile of non-major teacher respondents. Data revealed that there is no significant difference in the level of their teaching practices and challenges among out-of-field teachers in terms of their demographic profile. Moreover, the level of teaching practices and challenges faced by non-major respondents has a weak positive score (r=0.202), and the p-value (0.155) is higher than the level of significance (0.05). From the results, the Department of Education is expected to provide training to non-major teachers or come up with strategies to avoid mismatches in the subjects taught by teachers. Resiliency among non-major teachers heavily affects their mental and physical health and should not be normalized. Keywords: out-of-field teaching; junior high school; teaching practices; challenges Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 466-473 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20494654 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/505 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/505/322 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmylou Manlangit Author-Workplace-Name: Bohol Island State University Title: School Conditions and Professors’ Commitment to Change in Higher Education Institutions Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined how school conditions influence professors’ commitment to institutional change in selected higher education institutions in Bohol, Philippines, addressing the limited empirical evidence on contextual factors shaping faculty responsiveness to reform. It specifically aimed to determine the level of school conditions, assess professors’ commitment to change across groups, and test their relationship within a higher education context. A descriptive–correlational design was employed involving 222 professors selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a validated and reliability-tested survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Results showed that professors generally perceived school conditions as favorable, with higher ratings for strategies for change and organizational culture, while environment and structure received comparatively lower evaluations. Professors demonstrated a high level of commitment to change across all dimensions. A statistically significant difference was observed in commitment to change when grouped by sex, with female professors showing slightly higher levels, although the effect was small. No significant differences were found across years in service. A strong positive relationship emerged between school conditions and commitment to change. Findings indicate that institutional conditions play a more influential role in shaping faculty commitment to change than demographic characteristics. Strengthening organizational culture, improving structural support, and enhancing participatory and supportive environments may therefore be critical in sustaining faculty engagement in institutional reforms. Keywords: school conditions; commitment to change; organizational culture; higher education Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 474-479 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20495035 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/516 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/516/323 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marjory Abiog Author-Workplace-Name: Northeastern College Title: Students' Perceptions of Technology Integration in Science 8 at Dibuluan National High School, Jones, Isabela Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Technology plays an essential role in contemporary education, particularly in science instruction, where digital tools help students understand complex concepts and improve their classroom engagement. This study examined the perceptions of Grade 8 students toward the integration of technology in Science 8 at the Dibuluan National High School. Specifically, it investigated students’ positive and negative perceptions, technology-based activities used in instruction, ethical considerations related to technology use, and the relationships among these variables. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed involving fifty (50) Grade 8 students selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire that was adopted, modified, validated by experts, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, Independent Samples t-test, and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that students generally demonstrated favorable perceptions of technology integration, particularly in enhancing engagement, participation, motivation, and understanding of science lessons. Ethical practices in technology use were also highly observed, while technology-based activities were moderately implemented in classroom instructions. Negative perceptions of technology integration were minimal and only occasionally experienced by respondents. Significant relationships were identified among students’ perceptions, technology-based activities, and ethical considerations, indicating that meaningful and responsible technology use contributes to more positive learning experiences for students. However, limitations in technological resources, Internet connectivity, and accessibility remain evident in the school setting. The study concluded that technology integration positively supports science learning despite challenges in resource-limited educational environments and may serve as a basis for improving technology-supported instruction, strengthening ICT-related programs, and promoting responsible technology use in science education. Keywords: technology integration; science education; students’ perceptions; technology-based activities; ethical considerations Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 480-487 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20496383 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/485 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/485/324 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:485 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jovy Betawang Author-Workplace-Name: Northeastern College Title: Factors Influencing Literature Appreciation and Comprehension of Grade 5 Students in Dupax Del Sur District Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Literature plays a significant role in education, helping students improve their reading comprehension, critical thinking, creativity, communication skills, and cultural awareness. This study examined the factors that influence the appreciation and understanding of literature among Grade 5 students in Dupax Del Sur District, Division of Nueva Vizcaya, during the 2025–2026 school year. It focused on students' backgrounds, the motivations used in teaching literature, the effectiveness of teaching methods and strategies, the instructional materials used, the level of comprehension, the development of literary appreciation, the problems faced, and the measures taken to improve. This study also explored the differences, relationships, and associations among several factors affecting literary appreciation and comprehension. A descriptive-correlational research design was used, with a researcher-made questionnaire checklist as the main tool for gathering data from thirty-five respondents chosen through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, t-test, Chi-square Test of Association, and regression analysis. The findings showed that the students had effective literary appreciation and satisfactory comprehension of the literary works. Motivational strategies, teaching methods, instructional materials, and evaluative tools were effective in boosting students' engagement and participation in literature classes. The study also found no significant differences in literary appreciation based on age or gender. However, comprehension level was significantly related to literary appreciation, and the favorite genre of literature was significantly linked to comprehension level. Regression analysis indicated that motivation in teaching literature, teaching strategies, learning materials, and comprehension level significantly influenced literary appreciation, with comprehension level being the strongest predictor. The study concluded that effective teaching practices and improved comprehension skills are crucial for enhancing students' literary appreciation. Keywords: literary appreciation; reading comprehension; teaching strategies; instructional materials; Grade 5 pupils Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 488-500 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20496562 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/490 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/490/325 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:490 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Claire Anselmo Author-Workplace-Name: Don Alenjandro Roces Sr. Science and Technology High School Author-Name: Ryan Ric Mary Author-Workplace-Name: Don Alenjandro Roces Sr. Science and Technology High School Author-Name: Charlie Anselmo Author-Workplace-Name: De La Salle University Title: Redefining the Role of Teachers in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the educational landscape, reshaped instructional practices and redefining the role of teachers. This study examined the integration of AI in education and its implications for the evolving roles of Filipino teachers who are enrolled in graduate programs. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of AI integration across four domains—teachers’ roles, assessment and feedback, opportunities, and challenges—identify differences based on teaching experience, and examine the relationship between AI familiarity, experience, and the integration domains. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 32 respondents selected through purposive and convenience sampling methods. Data were collected using a structured survey instrument and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. The results revealed that AI integration was perceived at a moderate to high level across all domains, with stronger agreement on its role in enhancing instructional practices and expanding learning opportunities than on its challenges. A significant difference was found in perceptions of AI’s impact on teachers’ roles when grouped by teaching experience, indicating that mid-career teachers were more receptive to AI-driven instructional changes. No significant differences were observed between the other domains. Furthermore, AI familiarity showed a significant negative relationship with perceived challenges, suggesting that increased familiarity reduces the barriers to adoption. AI experience showed no significant relationship with any of the domains. The findings indicate that AI is viewed as a complementary tool that enhances rather than replaces teaching. This study underscores the need for targeted professional development, ethical guidelines, and institutional support to ensure effective and responsible AI integration while sustaining human-centered pedagogy. Keywords: artificial intelligence in education; teachers’ roles; AI integration; assessment and feedback; educational technology; teacher perceptions Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 501-509 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20497068 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/508 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/508/326 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonaline Benito Author-Workplace-Name: Northeastern College Title: The Role of Mass Media in the Development of English Language Skills among Grade V and VI Pupils of Lawed Elementary School, Canabuan, Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya Publication-Status: Published Abstract: English language skills are essential for academic achievement, communication, and professional growth. In today’s digital era, mass media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and online platforms significantly influence learners’ communication skills and language development. This study examined the role of mass media in enhancing the English language skills of Grade V and VI pupils at Lawed Elementary School, Canabuan, Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, this study investigated respondents’ exposure to different forms of mass media, their media preferences, the English language skills developed through media exposure, the challenges encountered, and the relationship between media exposure and language proficiency. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed involving sixty-six (66) Grade V and VI pupils selected through total enumeration. Data were gathered using an adapted and modified questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, standard deviation, Pearson r correlation, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The findings revealed that the respondents were frequently exposed to television and radio, while exposure to newspapers and magazines was moderate. The pupils demonstrated highly developed listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, with reading skills having the highest mean score. The results further showed a significant positive relationship between mass media exposure and English language skills. Significant differences in language proficiency were also observed when respondents were grouped by gender and age. The study concluded that mass media serves as an effective educational tool that supports and enhances English language development among elementary school learners. Keywords: instructional supervision; teaching performance; public elementary schools; classroom observation; teacher effectiveness; Minglanilla Central Elementary School Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 510-521 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20497511 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/488 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/488/327 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:488 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petre Paul Riboroso Author-Workplace-Name: Philippine National Police - San Ildefonso Municipal Police Station, University of Northern Philippines Title: Career Advancement Opportunities, Job Satisfaction, and Retention Intention among Non-uniformed Personnel of the Philippine National Police Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Employees who perceive genuine opportunities for career advancement are more likely to feel satisfied with their jobs and remain committed to their organizations. Since workers today value career development and personal growth above everything else, companies should make wise investments in their employees to be able to survive. This study determined the level of career advancement opportunities, job satisfaction and retention intention of Non-uniformed Personnel (NUPs) of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Region 1, and the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between career advancement opportunities and retention intention. The study was quantitative, descriptive-correlational, involving 465 NUPs in Region 1. The data-gathering instrument used was a validated and reliability-tested researcher-made survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, and path analysis via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS. Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the career advancement opportunities available to NUPs in the PNP extend beyond upward mobility and are strongly reinforced; they are generally satisfied with their job, as the working environment within the organization provides conditions that generally meet the professional and interpersonal needs of the personnel; they exhibit a strong commitment to remain within the organization, with its positive organizational climate and effective supervisory support playing key roles in promoting retention; and career advancement opportunities significantly influence retention intention among NUPs in the PNP, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction. Keywords: mediating effect; path analysis; organizational commitment; human resource Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 522-532 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20512397 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/341 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/341/328 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barry Cantelero Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Author-Name: Marie Candy Celeste Author-Workplace-Name: West Visayas State University – Calinog Campus Title: BARRY: Building Achievement in Reading Through Repeated Summarization Techniques Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Persistent deficiencies in reading comprehension among Filipino secondary learners, particularly in identifying main ideas, organizing textual information, and constructing meaning, highlight the need for explicit, strategy-based literacy interventions. Despite evidence supporting summarization as a metacognitive reading strategy, its structured and repeated use in junior high school contexts remains underexamined. This study investigated the effectiveness of repeated summarization techniques in improving the reading comprehension of Grade 8 learners at Gama Integrated School. The study employed a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design with 30 learners. It implemented structured repeated summarization tasks and measured outcomes using a validated reading comprehension test, with data analyzed through descriptive statistics, a dependent t-test, and thematic analysis. Reading comprehension improved markedly, with mean scores increasing from 17.47 to 43.77, reflecting a gain of 26.30 points. The difference between pretest and posttest scores was statistically significant, indicating a strong positive effect of the intervention. Learners demonstrated improved ability to identify central ideas, organize information, and express understanding in their own words. These results show that repeated summarization effectively addresses key comprehension gaps by promoting active meaning construction and structured processing of texts. The findings support its integration into classroom instruction, although generalization should be approached cautiously due to the single-group design. Keywords: reading comprehension strategies; summarization instruction; metacognitive reading strategies; quasi-experimental design; pretest–posttest design; secondary school students; literacy intervention programs; reading achievement Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 533-542 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20512831 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/421 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/421/329 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kenneth Joy Perales Author-Workplace-Name: F. Bangoy National High School Author-Name: Estrella Salazar Author-Workplace-Name: Holy Cross of Davao College Title: Wika at Teknolohiya: Persepsyon sa Paggamit ng Artificial Intelligence sa Akademikong Pagsulat Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Ang kakulangan at kawalan ng interes sa wastong paggamit ng gramatika sa wikang Filipino ay nananatiling isang pangunahing suliranin sa larangan ng edukasyon sa kasalukuyan. Upang masusing maunawaan ang isyung ito, gumamit ako ng kwalitatibong deskriptibong disenyo sa aking pananaliksik. Pinili ko ang sampung (10) mag-aaral bilang mga kalahok sa pamamagitan ng snowball sampling technique, kung saan tinukoy ng mga unang kalahok ang iba pa nilang kamag-aral na makapagbibigay ng makabuluhang impormasyon tungkol sa kanilang aktuwal na karanasan sa paggamit ng gramatika. Sa pamamagitan ng malalim na panayam at focus group discussion (FGD), natuklasan ko na ang mga mag-aaral ay nahihirapang gamitin ang tamang gramatika sa kanilang mga akademikong sulatin dahil hindi nila ito naiaangkop sa pang-araw-araw na komunikasyon. Madalas silang gumamit ng balbal, pinaikling salita, at maging ng "Jeje" o tekstong estilo na labis na nakakaapekto sa kanilang pormal na pagsulat. Dahil dito, nagiging mahina ang kanilang kakayahan sa pagbuo ng wastong pangungusap, paggamit ng angkop na bantas, at pagpapahayag ng malinaw na kaisipan sa Filipino. Higit pa rito, ipinapaliwanag ng pag-aaral na ito kung paano tinatanggap ng mga mag-aaral ang mga makabagong teknolohiya, partikular na ang artificial intelligence (AI), at ang epekto nito sa kanilang pagkatuto at paggamit ng gramatika. Sa hinaharap, iminumungkahing gamitin ang Multiple Linear Regression upang masukat ang ugnayan ng iba't ibang salik—gaya ng impluwensya ng social media, dalas ng paggamit ng AI, at antas ng interes—sa kawalan ng wastong gramatika. Gayundin, iminumungkahi ang Exploratory Factor Analysis upang matukoy ang mga pinagbabatayang dahilan ng suliranin. Sa pamamagitan ng mga pamamaraang ito, inaasahang mapapaunlad ang umiiral na modelo at mabibigyang-lunas ang mga karanasan ng mga mag-aaral sa paggamit ng AI sa pagsulat ng akademikong sulatin, nang hindi nalilimutan ang kahalagahan ng wastong gramatika sa pagpapayabong ng wikang Filipino. Keywords: artificial intelligence; pagtuturo ng Filipino; persepsyon ng mga mag-aaral sa ika-10 baitang Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 543-557 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20513314 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/526 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/526/332 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:526 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wafia Sajili Author-Workplace-Name: Philippine Women's University Title: Status in the Implementation of the Department of Education Child Protection Program Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Schools play a vital role in safeguarding learners through the implementation of child protection policies and programs. This study assessed the status and challenges in the implementation of the Department of Education (DepEd) Child Protection during the School Year 2022–2023. Specifically, it examined the extent of implementation in terms of Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Campaign, Capacity Building, Linkages and Coordination, Implementation and Monitoring, and Evaluation, as well as the significant differences in implementation when respondents were grouped according to profile variables. The study employed a quantitative descriptive research design. A total of 300 elementary school teachers from six selected school districts were chosen through random sampling. Data were gathered using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using mean, independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Findings revealed that the overall implementation of the DepEd Child Protection Program was generally “implemented” to “moderately implemented.” Among the five indicators, IEC Campaign obtained the highest overall mean, indicating that awareness campaigns and dissemination of child protection policies were actively conducted in schools. However, Capacity Building, Linkages and Coordination, Implementation and Monitoring, and Evaluation were only moderately implemented, with Implementation and Monitoring receiving the lowest mean score. Statistical analysis further revealed significant differences in the status of implementation when respondents were grouped according to district, educational attainment, years of teaching experience, and number of child protection trainings attended. In contrast, no significant differences were found when respondents were grouped according to gender and ethnicity. Keywords: child safety; protection policy; capacity building; collaborative efforts Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 558-570 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20513497 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/477 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/477/333 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vicente Credo Jr. Author-Workplace-Name: Foundation University Title: An Analysis of Access, Completion, and Academic Success in TESDA Diploma Programs in Tourism and Hospitality in Negros Oriental Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study investigated students’ experiences in accessing and completing TESDA diploma programs and examined their relationship to academic success. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study utilized stratified random sampling to select 280 TESDA diploma students. Data were collected through validated questionnaires and analyzed using percentage, mean, and Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were female and in early adulthood. Overall, the students reported favorable experiences in both accessing and completing TESDA programs. Access-related factors were consistently rated high to very high, with family support and information awareness emerging as the strongest contributors. Other factors, such as geographical accessibility, academic preparedness, and community support, were also positively perceived, which stressed the importance of both personal and environmental influences in facilitating program entry. Similarly, completion-related factors reflected positive experiences, with administrative policies receiving the highest ratings, followed by responsibilities and financial considerations, suggesting that institutional structures play a critical role in sustaining student engagement. In terms of academic performance, students demonstrated achievement ranging from average to very good across TVET areas, with Front Office Services obtaining the highest mean score. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant relationship (p < .05) between students’ experiences and academic performance, indicating that more positive access and completion experiences are associated with stronger academic outcomes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that TESDA and partner institutions continue to strengthen information dissemination, family engagement, and support systems, while also implementing targeted academic interventions to enhance student competencies, particularly in areas where lower performance is observed. Keywords: administrative support; community support; financial strain; front office service; TESDA program Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 571-587 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20513816 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/376 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/376/336 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:376 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Louisse Alfonso Ramirez Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Caress Marie Simuangco Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Aldrich Oliver Sytingco Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Renielle Cielo Pealane Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Author-Name: Lynnebeth Jakosalem Author-Workplace-Name: National University Philippines Title: Assessment of Selected Resort Guest Satisfaction in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan Publication-Status: Published Abstract: included on the paper Keywords: guest satisfaction; service quality; SERVQUAL model; resort management; hospitality industry; tourist experience; San Jose del Monte; Bulacan; philippine resorts Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 588-595 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20493169 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/250 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/250/318 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hanna Clarisse Pascua Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education Title: Innovative Teaching Strategies Employed by Secondary Physical Education Teachers at Cauayan City National High School Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study explored the extent of implementation of innovative teaching strategies among Physical Education (PE) teachers using the 2C-2I-1R framework Collaborative, Constructivist, Inquiry-Based, Integrative, and Reflective approaches at Cauayan City National High School. Utilizing total enumeration and purposive sampling, 28 Junior High School teachers handling PE for the school year 2025–2026 were selected as respondents. The study aimed to assess how these strategies are applied in relation to the K–12 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) and the MATATAG curriculum. Findings revealed that despite many teachers being early in their careers and few having specialized training in MAPEH, there was a strong commitment to professional growth and teaching excellence, as reflected in their active use of the 2C-2I-1R strategies. Inquiry-Based and Reflective approaches were most commonly applied, while Constructivist strategies were used the least, indicating a need for further support in implementing student-centered, real-life learning experiences. In response to these findings, a 12-week Constructivist Physical Education Teaching Enhancement Plan is proposed to improve strategy implementation. Recommendations for the school administrators of Cauayan City National High School include providing equal access to resources, encouraging professional development, and supporting strategy integration while future researchers are encouraged to expand the study scope, explore cross-subject applications of the framework, and develop better tools for assessing strategy use. Keywords: innovative teaching strategies; 2C-2I-1R pedagogical framework; physical education instruction; MATATAG curriculum alignment; constructivist teaching enhancement; junior high school PE teachers; most essential learning competencies (MELCs); student-centered learning experiences Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 596-611 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20544672 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/469 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/469/337 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:469 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Darryl Imperial Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Sophia Kryss Alexandrova Longhas Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Author-Name: Monica Jane Gerolaga Author-Workplace-Name: St. John Paul II College of Davao Title: Altar-ed States: Navigating the Intersection of Catholic Dogma and Queer Identity in Contemporary Filipino Cinema Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examines how contemporary Filipino cinema portrays the intersection of Catholic dogma and queer identity within a society shaped by strong religious values and heteronormative expectations. It addresses the limited research on how queer characters negotiate faith, identity, and belonging in Catholic-influenced environments. Using a qualitative content analysis design, the study analyzed two Filipino films, Sakristan: The Movie (2020) and The Boy Foretold by the Stars (2020), selected through purposive sampling. Dialogues, narratives, and visual elements were examined through coding guided by Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Moral Panic Theory to identify patterns of internal conflict and societal pressure. Findings reveal that queer characters experience psychological conflict as they attempt to reconcile religious teachings with personal identity, often responding through concealment, compartmentalization, withdrawal from religious spaces, or reinterpretation of faith. Catholic schools and ministries are portrayed as sites of moral regulation that frame queerness as a threat to moral order, reinforcing shame, fear, and self-censorship. However, the films also present moments of resistance where characters redefine spirituality and interpret God’s love as inclusive rather than conditional. The study highlights Filipino cinema as a cultural space for questioning rigid religious norms and presenting alternative understandings of faith, identity, and belonging. Keywords: Catholic Dogma; Filipino Cinema; Identity Conflict; LGBTQ+ Representation; Queer Identity Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 612-620 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20545349 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/497 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/497/338 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:497 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sittie Al-meerah Paca-Darimbang Author-Workplace-Name: University of Baguio Author-Name: Cora Dogui-is Author-Workplace-Name: University of Baguio Author-Name: Iris Gail Ducat Author-Workplace-Name: University of Baguio Title: Community Needs Assessment of Barangay Pinsao Proper: Basis for Sustainable Health, Peace, and Order Programs Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The availability of basic health services to the constituents and the promotion of peace and order in the Barangay are among the primary indicators of an inclusive and healthy community. In Baguio City, Barangay Pinsao Proper is among the barangays that continue to face difficulties in addressing the concerns of health, peace, and order. Using qualitative research, this study sought to determine the perceived needs and challenges encountered by community members. Data was gathered from official barangay records and eighteen (18) community members who voluntarily participated in a focus group interview. A lack of protective field gear, parental difficulties, mental health gaps, an inadequately equipped barangay clinic, and the requirement for frequent Basic Life Support (BLS) training were among the major issues identified by thematic analysis. Cultural tensions, youth-related violence, and the barangay authorities' limited ability to resolve conflicts were the main causes of peace and order problems. The findings aided in the development of the Pinsao Project – a three (3) year development plan program for the Barangay to be implemented by the University of Baguio. The findings of the study serve as a basis for local development initiatives and academic community engagements toward the attainment of an inclusive community. Keywords: community profiling; evidence-based planning; extension program development; participatory planning; grassroots diagnostics Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 621-634 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20545685 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/95 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/95/339 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Fatima Obecido Author-Workplace-Name: Philippine Women’s University Title: Clinical Teaching Effectiveness, Nurse Educator Capabilities, and Clinical Outcomes of Nursing Students: A Narrative Review Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Clinical education plays a critical role in preparing nursing students for professional practice, with clinical teaching effectiveness serving as a key determinant of learning outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize existing literature on clinical teaching effectiveness, the capabilities of nurse educators, and the clinical outcomes of nursing students. A narrative literature review design was employed, drawing from peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 sourced from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library. Relevant studies were selected based on predefined criteria and analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach. Findings revealed that clinical teaching effectiveness is a multidimensional construct encompassing pedagogical competence, clinical expertise, interpersonal skills, and professional attributes. Nurse educator capabilities were found to be dynamic and interdependent, with pedagogical competence serving as the foundation, supported by clinical proficiency, leadership, research engagement, and technological adaptability. Clinical outcomes among nursing students were identified as multidimensional, including cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains such as knowledge integration, clinical competence, critical thinking, professional behavior, and readiness for practice. The review further established a strong and consistent relationship between clinical teaching effectiveness and student outcomes, highlighting that effective teaching practices significantly enhance student competence, confidence, and preparedness for clinical roles. This relationship is influenced by contextual factors, including the clinical learning environment and institutional support. Overall, the study underscores the need for a holistic and competency-based approach to clinical education, emphasizing continuous faculty development, structured evaluation systems, and supportive learning environments to optimize nursing education and ensure the preparation of competent and practice-ready graduates. Keywords: clinical teaching effectiveness; nurse educator competencies; clinical outcomes; nursing education; clinical instruction Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 635-644 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20552314 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/470 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/470/340 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:470 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leanne Janzen Cosme Author-Workplace-Name: Lyceum of the Philippines University Author-Name: Stephanie Alberca Author-Workplace-Name: Lyceum of the Philippines University Author-Name: Ericka Mariz Dumat-ol Author-Workplace-Name: Lyceum of the Philippines University Author-Name: Aizek Villaflor Author-Workplace-Name: Lyceum of the Philippines University Author-Name: Shirley Anne Gaspar Author-Workplace-Name: Lyceum of the Philippines University Title: Sustainable Cities and Communities: Effectiveness of Social Media in Promoting Recreational Business Districts to Tourists in Bonifacio Global City Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of social media in promoting recreational business districts (RBDs) in Bonifacio Global City (BGC), Taguig, within the framework of sustainable cities and communities. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered through interviews with local and foreign tourists to assess how platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram influence awareness, decision-making, and perceptions of sustainability. Findings reveal that social media significantly shapes tourist behavior, with short videos, reels, and live streams serving as persuasive formats. User-generated content and influencer endorsements emerged as highly credible, often outweighing traditional advertisements in building trust and relatability. Tourists also valued transparency, particularly when businesses highlighted eco-friendly practices, certifications, and community-driven initiatives. Social media was further recognized as a sustainable alternative to printed promotions, aligning with green initiatives in BGC. However, participants raised concerns about overcrowding due to aggressive online promotion, emphasizing the need for balanced urban planning and responsible marketing. Despite these challenges, the overall impact of social media was viewed positively, reinforcing BGC’s reputation as a vibrant, sustainable, and inclusive urban hub. In conclusion, social media plays a vital role not only in promoting tourism but also in advancing sustainability. Through strategic use, platforms can foster cultural appreciation, environmental awareness, and economic growth, enhancing the resilience and livability of cities like Bonifacio Global City. Keywords: social media; sustainable cities; recreational business districts; Bonifacio Global City; tourism promotion; urban development Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 645-652 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20552621 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/486 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/486/341 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Jecel Aleonar Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Mary Immaculate College Author-Name: Cecil Calumbang Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Mary Immaculate College Author-Name: John Sedrick Melgar Author-Workplace-Name: Cebu Mary Immaculate College Title: Impact of AI-Generated Voice Narration on Students' Reading Comprehension Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study examined the effects of AI-generated voice narration on the reading comprehension skills of Grade 6 students. The research addressed the growing integration of artificial intelligence in education and its potential to improve literacy instruction through auditory support. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed involving 46 Grade 6 students from a public elementary school in Cebu, Philippines. Participants were divided into a control group exposed to traditional self-reading and an experimental group that used AI-generated voice narration during reading activities. Data were collected using researcher-made comprehension tests administered before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. Results revealed that the experimental group demonstrated greater improvement in reading comprehension compared to the control group. The experimental group’s mean score increased from 14.74 to 17.13, while the control group showed only minimal improvement from 14.83 to 15.22. Findings suggest that AI-generated voice narration can serve as an effective supplementary instructional tool for improving comprehension, engagement, and consistency of learner performance. The study highlights the importance of integrating AI-assisted reading technologies into classroom instruction to support diverse learners and promote inclusive literacy development. Keywords: AI voice narration; reading comprehension; artificial intelligence; text-to-speech; quasi-experimental; elementary education; educational technology; literacy intervention Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 653-661 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20553402 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/491 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/491/343 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:491 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pricelyn Asuncion Author-Workplace-Name: Beti Elementary School Author-Name: Arnel Agustin Author-Workplace-Name: Nueva Vizcaya State University Title: Enhanced Project Peer-Assisted Intervention for Reading (PAIR) and Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade 4 Learners Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of enhanced project peer assisted intervention for reading (PAIR) on learners' reading comprehension skills specifically in literal, inferential and critical comprehension areas for grade four learners from Beti Elementary School during the academic years of 2025–2026. A pre-experimental one group pretest – post test was used as the research design to evaluate learners' performance. Learners who are classified as non-grade level ready based on their Phil – IRI results were selected as the participants. Purposive sampling was used to select Seventeen non-grade level ready learners. The pretest and post test results were analyzed by computing the mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test. The result showed that learners have poor overall comprehension with a mean score of 13.71 before the intervention. There was an improvement after the intervention with a mean of 18.00 which can be described as satisfactory. Statistically, there were significant improvements in both literal (t = -6.96, p = .000) and critical comprehension (t = -3.03, p = .008), however, no statistical difference was observed in inferential comprehension (t = -1.38, p = .188). Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that Enhanced Project PAIR is effective in enhancing learners’ literal and critical reading skills through structured peer assisted activities and immediate feedback. In addition to longer periods of interventions, developing learners’ ability to make inference require explicit instructional support to develop learners’ higher order thinking skills to include questioning. This study also demonstrates how important it is to integrate peer-assisted strategy along with target activity that supports learners to reason while addressing unevenness of skill development in reading comprehension. Keywords: Peer-assisted learning; Project Peer-Assisted Intervention for Reading (PAIR); reading comprehension Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 662-668 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20555093 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/521 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/521/347 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eden Anne Lopez Author-Workplace-Name: Kalinga State Univesity Author-Name: Gian Karla Buslig Author-Workplace-Name: Kalinga State Univesity Author-Name: Noemi Janet Dumbab Author-Workplace-Name: Kalinga State Univesity Title: Abuyog and Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Agricultural Practices and Cultural Beliefs of the Ilimos in Pinukpuk, Kalinga Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This ethnographic study examined the agricultural practices, beliefs, and sociocultural significance of Abuyog among the Ilimos community in Limos, Pinukpuk. Indigenous agricultural systems continue to face challenges from modernization, environmental change, and socioeconomic pressures, creating concerns regarding the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices. The study aimed to examine the significance of Abuyog in the agricultural livelihood of the Ilimos community, describe its integration into farming practices, and explore its social implications within the community. The study utilized an ethnographic research design involving ten farmers actively practicing Abuyog. Data were collected through participant observation, interviews, and documentation of local practices and were analyzed through thematic interpretation to identify recurring themes and cultural meanings. The findings revealed that the Ilimos community consists of experienced farmers aged 46 to 65 years with 22 to 35 years of farming experience, demonstrating extensive indigenous agricultural knowledge transmitted across generations. Participants relied primarily on small-scale agriculture and employed crop diversification and alternative livelihood strategies to address economic limitations and limited rice production. Traditional farming practices were strongly grounded in indigenous ecological knowledge through the use of carabaos, wooden plows, natural soil management methods, and agroforestry practices. Rituals, offerings, prayers, and taboos also remained deeply integrated into agricultural activities. Abuyog further functioned as a cooperative labor system that strengthened family relationships and community solidarity through mutual assistance and shared responsibility. The study concluded that Abuyog remains a culturally embedded and sustainable agricultural system that promotes social cohesion, preserves indigenous knowledge, strengthens cultural continuity, and supports community resilience. Keywords: abuyog; bayanihan; indigenous agricultural pratices; agricultural beliefs; rituals Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 669-677 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20555839 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/114 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/114/349 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleariza Pacio Author-Workplace-Name: Aritao Central School Title: Attitude Toward and Achievement in Mathematics of Grade III Learners of Aritao Central School: Bases for Learning Intervention Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The study aimed to ascertain attitude toward and achievement in Mathematics of Grade III learners of Aritao Central School: Bases for the learning intervention SY 2025-2026. The study included 97 Grade III learners who were selected using stratified sampling procedure. The study used quantitative research. The respondents’ attitude toward Mathematics with the components such as enjoyment in mathematics, fear, anxiety, and distress in mathematics, and the use of mathematics in everyday life was measured using the questionnaire adapted from Calingayan (2025). The test measured the achievement of the respondents in Mathematics which covered the least mastered skills for quarter 3 like properties of multiplication on tables, multiplying numbers with and without regrouping, and solving 1-2 step multiplication problems, including money problems. It found that the respondents’ level of attitude in terms of enjoyment in mathematics with the mean 3.06 and SD of 0.49 (Positive); fear, anxiety and distress in mathematics with mean of 2.80 with SD of 0.67 (Positive); and the use of mathematics in everyday life with the mean of 3. 12 with SD of 0.67 (Positive). Generally, the respondents have high level of attitude toward Mathematics with the overall mean of 2.99 and SD of 0.36. Properties of multiplication on tables, the respondents have a mean of 5.84 with the MPS 48.63 which has satisfactory level; multiplying numbers with and without regrouping has a mean of 3.94 with MPS of 39.43; and solving 1-2 step multiplication problems, including money problems has a mean of 3.15 with MPS of 39.43, both with fairly satisfactory level. There is a significant influence between the respondents’ attitude toward and achievement in mathematics. The results of this study have led to the construction of a learning intervention that focuses on improving the achievement level of the Grade III learners in Aritao Central School particularly on properties of multiplication on tables, multiplying numbers with and without regrouping and solving 1-2 step multiplication problems, including money problems. The purpose of this learning intervention is to provide contextualized materials for the Grade III learners in order to enhance their achievement level in Mathematics. Keywords: achievement in mathematics; attitude toward mathematics; multiplication Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 678-685 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20556285 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/601 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/601/350 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sydney Jay Villarin Author-Workplace-Name: Initao College Title: Research Competence and Critical Thinking Skills among Elementary Education Students: The Mediating Role of Statistical Literacy Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Making sense of data is essential in developing critical thinking among future educators as it connects research competence. This study investigated how statistical literacy mediates the relationship between research competence and critical thinking skills among elementary education students. Anchored on Constructivist Learning Theory, the study employed a quantitative mediation analysis design involving third-year Bachelor of Elementary Education students from Initao College. A validated researcher-developed questionnaire was used to gather data which were then analyzed using correlation and mediation analysis. The findings revealed that students demonstrated high levels of research competence (research knowledge: M = 3.53; research skills: M = 3.40), critical thinking (analytical thinking: M = 3.34; inferential reasoning: M = 3.29), and statistical literacy (statistical understanding: M = 3.36; data interpretation skills: M = 3.29). Using Spearman rho correlation, a significant positive relationship was found between research competence and critical thinking (rs = 0.598, p < 0.001). It indicates that higher research competence is associated with stronger analytical and inferential abilities. Moreover, mediation analysis further revealed that statistical literacy fully mediates this relationship, with a significant indirect effect (a × b = 0.485, p < 0.001) and a non-significant direct effect (c = 0.162, p = 0.169), accounting for 74.9% of the total effect. The study concludes that statistical literacy plays a crucial role in transforming research competence into higher-order thinking skills. In response, PROJECT D.A.T.A. (Developing Analytical Thinking through Applied Statistics) is proposed as an evidence-based training program that integrates research competence and statistical literacy through applied data analysis and structured reporting using the PAIS framework. These findings highlight the importance of integrating statistical literacy within research instruction to enhance students’ capacity for evidence-based reasoning and informed decision-making among future educators. Keywords: critical thinking; mediation analysis; research competence; statistical literacy; teacher education Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 686-696 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20556424 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/498 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/498/351 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:498 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Julie An Cañas Author-Workplace-Name: MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, MSU-Marawi Campus Author-Name: Lynard Indoyon Author-Workplace-Name: MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Author-Name: Prince Allen Ramiso Author-Workplace-Name: MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Jose Memorial State University-Katipunan Campus Author-Name: Alia Ramber Author-Workplace-Name: MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology Title: ‘A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan’ ni John U. Wolff: Isang Microstructure na Pagsusuri Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nananatiling kulang at hindi sapat ang mga pag-aaral na nagsasagawa ng masusing metaleksikograpikong pagsusuri sa mga lokal na diksyunaryo sa kabila ng kinikilalang ambag ng leksikograpiya sa pagpreserba at pagpapalaganap ng wika, partikular ang wikang Cebuano. Kaya naman, nilalayon ng pag-aaral na ito na mailarawan at masuri ang microstructure ng ‘A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan’ ni John U. Wolff gamit ang mga pamantayan nina Landau (2001) na Basic Elements of the Dictionary at Haas (nasa Landau, 2001) na Desiderata for a Bilingual Dictionary. Bilang metodo, gumamit ang pananaliksik ng kwalitatib-deskriptibong disenyo at archival na pamamaraan, kung saan ang nasabing diksyunaryo ang pangunahing batis ng datos. Bilang resulta, natuklasan sa pag-aaral na ang naturang diksyunaryo ay may matibay na pundasyong linggwistiko, partikular sa pagbibigay ng detalyadong grammatical information, sistematikong alphabetization, at paggamit ng mga ilustratibong pangungusap na nagpapakita ng aktwal na gamit ng salita. Epektibo rin ang pagbibigay ng salin sa bawat entry at halimbawa na nagpapatibay sa katangian nito bilang bilinggwal na diksyunaryo. Gayunpaman, may ilang limitasyon itong natukoy, katulad ng kakulangan sa sistematikong usage guidance, hindi konsistent na pagmamarka ng rehistro ng wika, at kawalan ng etimolohiya sa maraming entry. Napansin din ang ilang isyu sa presentasyon ng mga entry, kagaya ng hindi malinaw na paglalagay ng mga varyasyon ng salita at kakulangan sa morfolojikal na paliwanag sa ilang lemma. Sa kabuuan, ipinapakita ng pag-aaral na bagaman nananatiling mahalagang sanggunian ang diksyunaryo ni Wolff para sa mga tagapagsalita at nag-aaral ng wikang Cebuano, gayundin sa larangan ng leksikograpiya, kinakailangan pa rin ang rebisyon at modernisasyon nito upang mas makaangkop sa kontemporanyong pangangailangan ng mga gumagamit. Inaasahang magsisilbing batayan ang pag-aaral na ito tungo sa pagbuo ng mas sistematiko, inklusibo, at napapanahong mga diksyunaryong Cebuano sa hinaharap. Keywords: cebuano-visayan dictionary; bilingual dictionary; microstructure; metaleksikograpiya; leksikograpiya Journal: The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research Pages: 697-712 Volume: 1 Issue: 6 Year: 2026 Month: May DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20557841 File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/view/499 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://vertexcorp.org/index.php/irmr/article/download/499/352 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:vtx:vertex:v:1:y:2026:i:6:id:499