Financial Management Practices of Private Hospitals in Ilocos Sur

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18997180

Keywords:

financial management practices, private hospital, budgeting practices, inventory management, investment, cash management

Abstract

This study assessed the level of financial management practices of private hospitals in Ilocos Sur and examined their relationship with selected hospital profile variables. It described the hospitals in terms of bed capacity, location, classification, form of business organization, years of operation, and number of employees, and evaluated their financial management practices in budgeting, investment, inventory management, and cash management. Findings showed that most private hospitals had a bed capacity of 31 and above, were located in commercial zones, classified as Level 1 hospitals, operated as sole proprietorships, had been in operation for 5 to 17 years, and employed 41 to 70 personnel. Overall, the hospitals demonstrated a high level of financial management practices across all areas, indicating generally sound financial systems that support operational efficiency and service delivery. The study further revealed that bed capacity, hospital level, and number of employees were significantly related to the overall level of financial management practices, suggesting that hospital characteristics influence the effectiveness and sustainability of financial systems. Based on these findings, the study recommends that private hospitals sustain effective financial management through regular audits, performance-based budgeting, and continuous monitoring. They may also strengthen fiscal sustainability by pursuing strategic expansion, upgrading service capabilities, investing in diagnostics and staff development, and adopting profile-based financial strategies and performance monitoring systems. These measures may help improve both financial resilience and patient care delivery.

References

Anyona, J., Karimi, P., & Maru, S. (2021). Inventory management practices and supply chain performance of antiretroviral medicines in public hospitals in Nyamira County, Kenya. Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 4(2), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v4i2.5

Banzon, E. P., Alcantara, M. G. L., Diez, M. A., & Sayson, L. A. (2014). Analysis of the maintenance and depreciation costs and capital expenditure of selected public hospitals in the Philippines (PIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 2014-50). Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Retrieved from https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1450.pdf

Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.

Capuno, J., Ruiz Rivadeneira, A. M., Beazley, I., Maeda, A., & James, C. (2018). Health financing and budgeting practices for health in the Philippines. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 18(2), 93–149. https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-18-5j8jt0pt1hq6

CCD Health. (2025). Top forecasting methods for effective healthcare financial planning in 2025. CCD Health Resource Center. https://ccdcare.com/resource-center/forecasting-in-healthcare/

Hanif, R., & Musvoto, W. S. (2022). Analysing budget management in the public healthcare services delivery sector: A case of district hospitals in Malawi. Administratio Publica, 30(4), 165–185. Retrieved from https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/ejc-adminpub_v30_n4_a9

Homauni, A. (2023). Budgeting in healthcare systems and organizations: A systematic review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 52(9), 1889–1901. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13571

Kabera, J. C., & Mukanyangezi, M. F. (2024). Influence of inventory management practices on the availability of emergency obstetric drugs in Rwandan public hospitals: A case of Rwanda Southern Province. BMC Health Services Research, 24, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10459-x

Karamshetty, V., et al. (2022). Inventory management practices in private healthcare facilities in resource-limited settings. Production and Operations Management.

Mukherjee, T., Al Rahahleh, N., & Lane, W. (2017). The capital budgeting process of healthcare organizations: A review of surveys. Journal of Health Care Finance, 43(4), 1–22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26904780/

Muthama, R. A., Muturi, W., & Abuga, M. V. (2016). Effects of cash management practices on operational performance of selected public hospitals in Kisii County, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(12), 226–236. Retrieved from https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/29814

Obuya, D. O., Mogwambo, V. A., PhD, & Juma, D., PhD. (2024b). FINANCIAL PLANNING PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE HEALTH FACILITIES IN HOMA BAY COUNTY, KENYA. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v11i2.2927

Panyako, D. O., & Miroga, J. (2024). Budgeting process and financial performance of the county government of Trans Nzoia, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(1), 299–320. Retrieved from https://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajef_v4_i1_299_320.pdf

Parilla, E. S., Evangelista, J., Aurelio, R., & Bullalayao, C. (2022). Inventory management practices and service delivery of healthcare facilities in Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Logistic and Operation Management Research, 1(1), 16–33. https://doi.org/10.31098/lomr.v1i1.919

Rivenson, H. L., Wheeler, J. R. C., Smith, D. G., & Reiter, K. L. (2000). Cash management in health care systems. Journal of Health Care Finance, 26(4), 59–69

Rolink, L. (2023). Cash flow forecasting in hospital networks (Master’s thesis, University of Twente). (I could not find this exact title; a closely related 2023 University of Twente healthcare cash-flow thesis appears to be available here.) https://essay.utwente.nl/fileshare/file/96794/Rolink_MA_BMS_withoutconfidentialtext.pdf

Saha, E., & Ray, P. K. (2019). Modelling and analysis of healthcare inventory management systems. OPSEARCH, 56(4), 1179–1198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12597-019-00415-x

Salenga, R. L., et al. (2015). Medicines management in the Philippine public sector during and after Typhoon Haiyan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 8(1), 1–13.

Siedlecki, R., Prędkiewicz, P., Bem, A., & Szpulak, A. (2021). Working Capital Management in Hospitals: Evidence from Poland. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2099

Strata Decision Technology. (2022). What is capital budgeting? A complete guide for healthcare finance teams. Strata Decision Technology. Retrieved from https://www.stratadecision.com/healthcare-and-hospital-capital-budget

Tarus, S. C., & Juma, D. (2017). Role of cash planning technique on financial performance in public hospitals in Kajiado North Sub-County. International Journal of Finance, 2(7), 1–12.

https://www.academia.edu/88483084/Role_of_Cash_Planning_Technique_on_Financial_Performance_in_Public_Hospitals_in_Kajiado_North_Sub_County

Uy, J., Nuevo, C. E. L., Casas, L. D. D., & Ulep, V. G. T. (2021, December). The financial health of select Philippine hospitals and the role of the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation as the national strategic purchaser of health services (PIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 2021-36). Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2136.pdf

Wishnia, J., & Goudge, J. (2021). Strengthening public financial management in the health sector: A qualitative case study from South Africa. BMJ Global Health, 6(11), e006911. Retrieved from https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/11/e006911

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2026-03-13

How to Cite

Financial Management Practices of Private Hospitals in Ilocos Sur. (2026). The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18997180

Similar Articles

1-10 of 25

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.