Framing the Collective Image of Maestra as a Martyr-Hero in the Selected Filipino Films
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20459155Keywords:
cultural violence, heroism, maestras, martyr-hero, political martyrdom, structural violence, violence triangleAbstract
This study aims to explore the collective image of the maestra as a martyr-hero in three Filipino films: Balota (2024), Mila (2022), and My Teacher (2022). The study uses qualitative film analysis to understand scenes and dialogues in the film in the light of the issue of women teachers as victims of systemic violence and as ethical agents of care, resistance and social responsibility by applying theories of martyrdom and heroization in relation to Galtung's Violence Triangle. They show that the films create a multi-layered experience of violence towards maestras, from direct threats, verbal abuse to emotional manipulation, institutional neglect, cultural belittlement, and gendered objectification. Such violence is not seen in isolation but as interwoven parts of a larger system that undervalues teachers' work, denies their agency, and makes their suffering seem normal in a political, educational, familial and patriarchal space. However, in these circumstances the maestras are not simply depicted as victims. They become moral agents who uphold the truth, student protection, corruption resistance, emotional and academic assistance and engage in collective struggles for justice. Their acts of heroism are rooted in practices of integrity, care, sacrifice and advocacy. But, the study says, the martyr-hero image needs to be understood critically. The films celebrate maestras as strong and brave women, but they also reveal the risks of romanticizing the suffering of teachers. Finally, the study calls for respecting the dignity of teachers, enhancing institutional protection, enhancing working conditions, and breaking the culture of sacrifice which is natural or obligatory in teachers' profession.
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