Work and Study in Balance: Comparing Academic Performance Among Physical Education Students

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19888189

Keywords:

academic performance, working students, non-working students, physical education

Abstract

This study examined the academic performance of working and non-working students in the College of Sports Science and Physical Education at Western Mindanao State University. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of academic performance of students and to assess whether employment status significantly influenced their academic outcomes. A quantitative descriptive-comparative research design was employed, involving 150 students selected through stratified random sampling, with equal representation of working and non-working students. Data were collected using a structured survey and students’ general weighted averages (GWA), and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that both working and non-working students demonstrated a very satisfactory level of academic performance. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in academic performance between the two groups. These results suggested that employment status did not significantly affect students’ academic outcomes within the context of the study. The study concluded that students were able to manage academic and work-related responsibilities effectively, resulting in comparable academic performance. It highlights the need to consider broader factors influencing academic success beyond employment status and underscores the importance of institutional support in promoting student achievement and long-term academic resilience. These findings support policies that enhance student support.

References

Abenoja, Z. A., et al. (2019). Working while studying: The lived experiences of employed students. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 8(2), 1–12.

Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.

Becker, G. S. (1965). A theory of the allocation of time. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493–517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228949

Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., Melton, M., & Price, E. (2015). Learning while earning: The new normal. Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce.

Commission on Higher Education. (2010). Higher education data and statistics. CHED.

Creed, P. A., French, J., & Hood, M. (2015). Working while studying at university: The relationship between work benefits and demands and engagement and well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 48–57.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Curtis, S., & Shani, N. (2002). The effect of taking paid employment during term-time on students’ academic studies. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 26(2), 129–138.

Darolia, R. (2014). Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on the academic performance of full-time and part-time students. Economics of Education Review, 38, 38–50.

Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149.

Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109.

Furr, S. R., & Elling, T. W. (2002). The influence of work on college student development. NASPA Journal, 39(4), 307–319.

Goode, W. J. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25(4), 483–496.

Hovdhaugen, E. (2015). Working while studying: The impact of term-time employment on dropout rates. Journal of Education and Work, 28(6), 631–651.

Jogaratnam, G., & Buchanan, P. (2004). Balancing the demands of school and work. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(4), 237–245.

Klem, A. M., & Connell, J. P. (2004). Relationships matter: Linking teacher support to student engagement. Journal of School Health, 74(7), 262–273.

Lederman, D. (2009). Student employment and academic success. Inside Higher Ed.

Leventhal, T., Graber, J. A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). Adolescent transitions to part-time work. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16(2), 143–166.

Mortimer, J. T. (2003). Working and growing up in America. Harvard University Press.

Pike, G. R., & Lederman, D. (2009). Effects of student employment on academic performance. Journal of College Student Development, 50(3), 307–318.

Quirk, T. J., Keith, T. Z., & Quirk, W. J. (2002). Employment during the school year and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 95(1), 4–10.

Richardson, M., Evans, C., & Gbadamosi, G. (n.d.). The impact of student employment on academic outcomes.

Singh, K., & Ozturk, M. (2000). Effects of part-time work on academic achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 94(1), 12–19.

Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of research instruments. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(3), 28–36.

Williams, C. (2014). Students’ motivations for working while studying. Education and Training Studies, 2(3), 1–8.

Downloads

Published

2026-04-29

How to Cite

Work and Study in Balance: Comparing Academic Performance Among Physical Education Students. (2026). The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19888189

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1-10 of 170

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.