An Assessment of the Perceived Implementation of the Stray Dog Control Ordinance in the Municipality of Sibulan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20280583Keywords:
perceived implementation, stray dog control ordinance, road accidents, dog bite incidence, public awareness, impounding, vaccination and registrationAbstract
This study examined the perceived implementation of the Stray Dog Control Ordinance and its relationship with stray dog–related road accidents and dog bite incidence in the Municipality of Sibulan, Negros Oriental. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed, with data collected from 120 residents using a researcher-made questionnaire and supported by secondary municipal records. The instrument measured four dimensions of perceived implementation: enforcement, impounding, registration and vaccination awareness, and public awareness. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results revealed that the overall level of perceived implementation was low across all dimensions, indicating weak and inconsistent enforcement and operational practices. Meanwhile, the frequency of stray dog–related road accidents and dog bite incidence was found to be frequent, reflecting ongoing public safety and health concerns. Correlation analysis showed that registration and vaccination awareness and public awareness had significant negative relationships with road accidents, while impounding and registration and vaccination awareness were significantly associated with dog bite incidence. However, enforcement showed no significant relationship with either outcome. These findings suggest that awareness-based and preventive strategies have a more immediate effect on reducing risks, whereas weak enforcement limits the effectiveness of the ordinance. The study recommends strengthening public awareness programs, improving vaccination and registration initiatives, and enhancing impounding operations to improve ordinance implementation and promote safer communities.
References
Bullen, P. B. (2022). Tools4dev.org. "How to choose a sample size (for the statistically challenged"). Retrieved from: https://tools4dev.org/resources/how-to- choose-a-sample-size/
Chaudhari, A., Kartal, T., Brill, G., Amano, K. J., Lagayan, M. G., & Jorca, D. (2022). Dog Ecology and Demographics in Several Areas in the Philippines and Its Application to Anti-Rabies Vaccination Programs. Animals, 12(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010105
Duncan-Sutherland, N., Lissaman, A. C., Shepherd, M., & Kool, B. (2022). Systematic review of dog bite prevention strategies. Injury Prevention, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044477
Hampson, K., Coudeville, L., Lembo, T., Sambo, M., Kieffer, A., Attlan, M., Barrat, J., Blanton, J. D., Briggs, D. J., Cleaveland, S., Costa, P., Freuling, C. M., Hiby, E., Knopf, L., Leanes, F., Meslin, F.-X., Metlin, A., Miranda, M. E., Müller, T., & Nel, L. H. (2015). Estimating the Global Burden of Endemic Canine Rabies. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(4), e0003709.
Ma, G. C., Withers, A.-M., Spencer, J., Norris, J. M., & Ward, M. P. (2020). Evaluation of a Dog Population Management Intervention: Measuring Indicators of Impact. Animals, 10(6), 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10061061
Mallick, U., & Saeed, K. (2020). A System Dynamics Model for Cost-Benefit Analysis of Stray Dog Population Management An Interactive Qualified Project Report submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE.
McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: A conceptual introduction. (5thed.). New York: Longman. (2019). Sciepub.com. https://www.sciepub.com/reference/276239
National Rabies Prevention and Control Program Strategic Plan. (2025). https://rr-asia.woah.org/app/uploads/2020/03/final-mtp-rabies_philippines.pdf
PEP recommendations. (2018). Who.int. https://www.who.int/teams/control-of-neglected-tropical-diseases/rabies
Philippine News Agency. (2024). Www.pna.gov.ph. https://www.pna.gov.ph/
Pressman, J., & Wildavsky , A. (1973). Implementation by Jeffrey L. Pressman, Aaron Wildavsky - Paper. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/books/implementation/paper
R.A. 9482. (n.d.). Lawphil.net. https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007/ra_9482_2007.html
Sasmal, P., Mohanty, C., Radhakrishnan, R., Jain, M., Hansda, U., Vuppala, S., & Doki, S. (2021). A study of the pattern of injuries sustained from road traffic accidents caused by impact with stray animals. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock, 14(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.4103/jets.jets_29_20
Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
Sharma, D. (2025). (PDF) Awareness and perception of stray dogs and rabies in Shimla: an evaluative study. ResearchGate, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.18203//2394-6040.ijcmph20252853
Smith, L. M., Hartmann, S., Munteanu, A. M., Dalla Villa, P., Quinnell, R. J., & Collins, L. M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Dog Population Management: A Systematic Review. Animals, 9(12), 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121020
Totton, S. C., Wandeler, A. I., Zinsstag, J., Bauch, C. T., Ribble, C. S., Rosatte, R. C., & McEwen, S. A. (2010). Stray dog population demographics in Jodhpur, India following a population control/rabies vaccination program. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 97(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.07.009
Viozzi, G., Flores, V., & Sánchez Thevenet, P. (2026). Editorial: The growing problem of free-roaming dogs: A One Health perspective on public and animal health. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12, 1743386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1743386
World Health Organization. (2023). Global status report on road safety 2023. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240086517
World Health Organization. (2024, June 5). Rabies. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies
World Organization for Animal Health. (2024). Stray dog population control. In Terrestrial Animal Health Code. https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/current/chapitre_aw_stray_dog.pdf
World Health Organization. (2025). World Health Organization. Who.int; World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
The authors declare that they have no known financial or personal conflicts of interest that could have influenced the conduct or outcomes of this study.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The International Review of Multidisciplinary Research

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.






